SPWM waveform achievement based STC series MCU (part 2)
2.2 SPWM wave generation method
STC Series MCU produced using the basic principle of SPWM wave is: The value assigned to the carrier cycle, PCA module l, 16-bit capture / compare module register CCAPlH (high 8 bits), and CCAPlL (low 8 bits), PCA timer value of CH ( High-8), CL (low 8) and the modules capture registers compared to the value, when the two are equal, resulting in PCA interrupt. In the break, the call to the module 0 of the PWM pulse width modulation mode, the next one SPWM wave pulse through the CCAP0H loaded into CCAPOL, so that can be achieved without interfering with the update PWM.
Figure 3, namely, real-time calculation by the software a good way unipolar SPWM pulse waveform diagram. A fixed carrier in each cycle, different pulse width values to form a sine form of a table. If the selected module O (P3.7) output of this road SPWM, first PCA Module 0 Mode Register module is defined as the 8-bit PWM mode, the 16-bit counter timers CH, CL Clear, PCA PWM mode Auxiliary register O-ching zero (to ensure capture register EPCOH (high 8), EPC0L (low 8) fixed to zero, PWM wave numerical comparison only with the PCA module 0 capture register CCAPOH (high 8), CC2APOL (low 8) related) , the module l capture register CCAPlH (high 8), CCAPlL (low 8) into the carrier cycle, the high-and eighth 8-bit values, PCA compare / capture module register 1 (CCAPMl) is defined as to be able to compare features, allowed to match the generated interrupts. A pulse-width value of the first sin [0] into CCAP0H, open-PCA modules and low voltage detection interrupt interrupted, open a total break, start PCA count. When the 16-bit counter / timer value and the module 1 capture / compare register values are equal, resulting in a CCF interrupt; to interrupt program, clear interrupt flag bit, to re-register to the module 1 capture CCAPlH (high 8) , CCAPlL (low 8) into the carrier cycle, the high value of 8 and the eighth will be 16-bit counter timers CH, CL cleared, interrupt number of i plus 1, the next a pulse-width value of sin [i] loaded into CCAPOH to prepare for more. Arrive at the same time to determine whether the maximum number of N, if so, interruptions i cleared, while the number of pulse-width-sin [i] value into CCAP0H, to complete a cycle. This cycle, in the P3.7 pin will continue to produce changes in the law as the sine pulse, and thus accurate SPWM wave.
2.3 Software Design
KeilC51 programming using programming languages, and the whole process from the main program and the keyboard interrupt subroutine, as well as the composition of PCA interrupt subroutine. The main program in the system initialization entered SPwM pulse width calculation program to calculate the appropriate pulse width to form a sine table, waiting for interrupt flag bit in response to the different interrupts. SPWM wave is constant because the output must be set to the highest level of PCA interrupt. Once a PCA interrupt flag bit, that is transferred to the implementation of its interrupt subroutine. Figure 4 for the PCA interrupt subroutine flow chart. In the interrupt service routine, pay attention to CCF1 bit and CF flag set by the hardware bit, but can not automatically cleared, you must interrupt the program cleared by software.
At the same time, the system can respond to the keyboard interrupt subroutine from the keyboard to control the output voltage through the liquid crystal display monitors, the current changes and so on.
3 Experimental results
Based on the above design ideas and writing software, with MIC442l four MOSFET drivers to drive the device FQAl60N08 bridge inverter consisting of actual debugging. Figure 5, the output of the grounds of microcontroller STCl2C5410 Two complementary (with some dead time), unipolar SPWM wave. The two complement each other with the direct signal path driver chip MIC4421, the output signal and then drive power inverter, respectively, after low-pass filtered waveforms shown in Figure 6.
4 Conclusion
Experimental results show that this method the circuit structure is simple, practical hardware design and software programming. Use of online technology, combining computing and look-up table, the better solution of the real-time control requirements. At the same time use of SCM as a control device, not just cost reduction, but also convenient debugging, subject to outside interference small, has good practicability and reliability.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月25日星期四
SPWM waveform achievement based STC series MCU (part 1)
SPWM waveform achievement based STC series MCU (part 1)
Abstract: In comparing a variety of SPWM wave is generated based on the technology, given the use of equivalent area method to generate SPWM waveform of the working principle described in detail by the microcontroller STCl2C5410AD programmable counter array PCA to achieve the preparation of SPWM control software process and gives the SPWM interrupt service routine flowchart. Results to be applied by the MICA421 drive driven by four MOSFET devices FQAl60N08 bridge inverter consisting of actual debugging, experimental results show that the method has a simple circuit, calculate the amount of small, strong advantages of real-time, using online computing and search table technology combination, the better solution of the real-time control requirements, has good application value.
Key words: STC12C5410AD; SPWM wave
0 Introduction
In recent years, with the power inverter applications in all walks of life increasingly widespread use of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverter technology for the control to improve the control effect of the whole system is that people continue to explore the issue. SPWM control for a variety of implementations, one is analog circuits, digital circuits and other hardware circuitry generates SPWM waveform, the waveform of the method stable and accurate, but the circuit complexity, size large, can not be auto-adjustment; the other is with MCU, DSP and other micro-controller to achieve the number of SPWM control method, because of its internal integration of a number of control circuits, such as the PWM circuit, programmable counter array (PCA) and so on, makes this method has a control circuit is simple, fast, anti - the advantages of strong interference. This paper presents a series of single-chip microcomputer using STC method of SPWM waveform will be generated by the STCl2C5410AD unipolar SPWM wave applied to single-phase inverter power supply, test results show that the use of the feasibility of its implementation and effectiveness of SPWM waveform.
A sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM
SPWM control scheme, there are two: the unipolar and bipolar modulation modulation. France obtained unipolar SPWM signals positive, negative, and 0 of three levels, while the bipolar received only positive and negative two kinds of levels. Comparison of the two resulting SPWM waves we can see: in the same carrier than the case, the resulting bipolar SPWM wave contained in the large amount of harmonics; and in sinusoidal inverter control, bipolar SPWM wave control complex. Therefore, commonly used in the form of unipolar SPWM wave control.
SPWM controlled by the MCU, in accordance with its software, the different methods, there are several ways: natural sampling method, symmetry rules of law, rules of law and the area of asymmetric follow suit and so on and so on. Theoretical analysis showed that an area equivalent in terms of law in regard to other methods, harmonic minor, harmonic suppression ability. And real-time control simple and conducive to software implementation. Therefore, size, etc. In this paper, follow the example of realization of SPWM control.
Suppose the required output sinusoidal voltage U0 = Umsinωt, type in: Um for the sine-wave amplitude. Follow the example of the use of an area so small an area of sine-wave pulse area S1 and S2 correspond to the same principle, with the positive half cycle sine wave is divided into N equal portions, each of equal portions with a width of Wu / N, calculate the half-cycle N different pulse width values.
2 STC series microcontrollers generate SPWM Wave Principle
About 2.1 STC Series MCU
STCl2 Series MCU U.S. STC in 8051 improved on the basis of the standard kernel introduced an enhanced 8051 microcontroller functionality, from the pin to the instruction is completely compatible with the 8051. The most prominent feature is its programmable counter array PCA. To STCl2C5410AD, for example, there are four Programmable Counter Array PCA / PWM. PCA includes a special 16-bit timers, there are four 16-bit capture / compare modules associated with it. Four blocks of public time base the decision by the PCA timer, you can register through the PCA model CMOD SFR bits of CPSl and CPS0 determined. Each module programmable work in four kinds of modes: rising / falling edge capture, software timer, high-speed pulse output or PWM output. Paper SPWM generation function mainly relies on the completion of PWM pulse output mode. Figure 2 namely PCA module pulse width modulation PWM output mode block diagram.
In the PCA PWM output mode, when CLSFR's value is less than (EPCnL, CCAPnL), the output is low, when the PCA CL SFR is equal to or greater than the value of (EPCnH, CCAPnH), the output is high. When the value of CL overflows from FF to 00 hours, (EPCnH, CCAPnH) content onto the (EPCnL, CCAPnL) in the. This update enables interference-free PWM. Can make the PWM mode, the module CCAPMn register PWMn and ECOMn bits must be set. In this article, SPWM waveform is the integrated use of the module O, pulse width modulation (PWM) mode and the module 1 of the 16-bit software timer mode, software interrupts in the form of implementation.
At the same time, STCl2C54lO microcontroller also has a fast A / D conversion. There is a lO-bit precision, 8-way channel A / D converter. Can be easily input and output voltage, current monitoring and display.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Abstract: In comparing a variety of SPWM wave is generated based on the technology, given the use of equivalent area method to generate SPWM waveform of the working principle described in detail by the microcontroller STCl2C5410AD programmable counter array PCA to achieve the preparation of SPWM control software process and gives the SPWM interrupt service routine flowchart. Results to be applied by the MICA421 drive driven by four MOSFET devices FQAl60N08 bridge inverter consisting of actual debugging, experimental results show that the method has a simple circuit, calculate the amount of small, strong advantages of real-time, using online computing and search table technology combination, the better solution of the real-time control requirements, has good application value.
Key words: STC12C5410AD; SPWM wave
0 Introduction
In recent years, with the power inverter applications in all walks of life increasingly widespread use of sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverter technology for the control to improve the control effect of the whole system is that people continue to explore the issue. SPWM control for a variety of implementations, one is analog circuits, digital circuits and other hardware circuitry generates SPWM waveform, the waveform of the method stable and accurate, but the circuit complexity, size large, can not be auto-adjustment; the other is with MCU, DSP and other micro-controller to achieve the number of SPWM control method, because of its internal integration of a number of control circuits, such as the PWM circuit, programmable counter array (PCA) and so on, makes this method has a control circuit is simple, fast, anti - the advantages of strong interference. This paper presents a series of single-chip microcomputer using STC method of SPWM waveform will be generated by the STCl2C5410AD unipolar SPWM wave applied to single-phase inverter power supply, test results show that the use of the feasibility of its implementation and effectiveness of SPWM waveform.
A sinusoidal pulse width modulation SPWM
SPWM control scheme, there are two: the unipolar and bipolar modulation modulation. France obtained unipolar SPWM signals positive, negative, and 0 of three levels, while the bipolar received only positive and negative two kinds of levels. Comparison of the two resulting SPWM waves we can see: in the same carrier than the case, the resulting bipolar SPWM wave contained in the large amount of harmonics; and in sinusoidal inverter control, bipolar SPWM wave control complex. Therefore, commonly used in the form of unipolar SPWM wave control.
SPWM controlled by the MCU, in accordance with its software, the different methods, there are several ways: natural sampling method, symmetry rules of law, rules of law and the area of asymmetric follow suit and so on and so on. Theoretical analysis showed that an area equivalent in terms of law in regard to other methods, harmonic minor, harmonic suppression ability. And real-time control simple and conducive to software implementation. Therefore, size, etc. In this paper, follow the example of realization of SPWM control.
Suppose the required output sinusoidal voltage U0 = Umsinωt, type in: Um for the sine-wave amplitude. Follow the example of the use of an area so small an area of sine-wave pulse area S1 and S2 correspond to the same principle, with the positive half cycle sine wave is divided into N equal portions, each of equal portions with a width of Wu / N, calculate the half-cycle N different pulse width values.
2 STC series microcontrollers generate SPWM Wave Principle
About 2.1 STC Series MCU
STCl2 Series MCU U.S. STC in 8051 improved on the basis of the standard kernel introduced an enhanced 8051 microcontroller functionality, from the pin to the instruction is completely compatible with the 8051. The most prominent feature is its programmable counter array PCA. To STCl2C5410AD, for example, there are four Programmable Counter Array PCA / PWM. PCA includes a special 16-bit timers, there are four 16-bit capture / compare modules associated with it. Four blocks of public time base the decision by the PCA timer, you can register through the PCA model CMOD SFR bits of CPSl and CPS0 determined. Each module programmable work in four kinds of modes: rising / falling edge capture, software timer, high-speed pulse output or PWM output. Paper SPWM generation function mainly relies on the completion of PWM pulse output mode. Figure 2 namely PCA module pulse width modulation PWM output mode block diagram.
In the PCA PWM output mode, when CLSFR's value is less than (EPCnL, CCAPnL), the output is low, when the PCA CL SFR is equal to or greater than the value of (EPCnH, CCAPnH), the output is high. When the value of CL overflows from FF to 00 hours, (EPCnH, CCAPnH) content onto the (EPCnL, CCAPnL) in the. This update enables interference-free PWM. Can make the PWM mode, the module CCAPMn register PWMn and ECOMn bits must be set. In this article, SPWM waveform is the integrated use of the module O, pulse width modulation (PWM) mode and the module 1 of the 16-bit software timer mode, software interrupts in the form of implementation.
At the same time, STCl2C54lO microcontroller also has a fast A / D conversion. There is a lO-bit precision, 8-way channel A / D converter. Can be easily input and output voltage, current monitoring and display.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月24日星期三
Henan Expressway Monitoring System solar serve multiple purposes
Henan Expressway Monitoring System solar serve multiple purposes
Henan Expressway Development Co., Ltd. using solar photovoltaic technology, successfully implemented at the company Huo highway full of solar-powered video surveillance system demonstration project, in order to monitor the power grid to solve highway construction costs are high, line loss of large, energy low utilization rate of the issue to explore a new way. After nearly five years of actual operation to prove that the model engineering and technical programs mature, reliable, when compared with the power supply, power supply and distribution projects can save construction investment 58.3%, with an average savings of 31.3 thousand yuan per kilometer; five years to save electricity 220,000 Yuan, gasoline cost, 960,000 yuan to reduce the 402 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, the effect significant.
It is understood that, with the Henan highway road network gradually formed, in order to develop and implement contingency plans to reduce traffic congestion, prevent accidents, improve service levels, Henan Expressway Development Co., the company decided at the company (Yun Hong Kong) Fok (Er fruit Sri Lanka) highways under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou and Luoyang, 220 kilometers of road within the framework of the implementation of process monitoring.
In order to expand the scope to monitor the effective implementation of process monitoring, field camera set interval of about 2 km, in a non-centralized linear layout, the use of a grid power supply, there are line losses large, high cost of construction investment, construction and complex high maintenance costs and operating problems. Meanwhile, the road section to be implemented without interrupting operation on both sides of the road widening works (4 changed 8), field cameras to be installed in the central isolation belt. As in the central isolation belt laying power cable, then the impact of communications and other weak signal. Therefore, the camera power supply issue has become the project implementation unit facing difficult problems.
Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean environmentally friendly energy sources, the use of solar photovoltaic technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy, has been widely used in aerospace, weather stations, telemetry, remote sensing, channel lighthouse, railway signals, communication and remote areas, island residents in the power supply and other fields. Solar photovoltaic technology to provide a solution to these problems. And in the Henan Province, Zheng Luo Road, Central, located at latitude 34.7 degrees year round sunshine 2000-2600 hours, an average annual sunshine rate of 45% to 55%, the total annual solar radiation, 110-125 kcal / square cm, along the daily average irradiation time is about 4.1 hours, belongs to three regions in the solar energy resources, solar energy resource rich region. Therefore, Cheng Luo Lu full realization of solar energy has good natural conditions for monitoring. Thus, according to Zheng Luo Lu entire monitor actual needs, from an economic, energy saving, environmental protection, and shorten the duration of the point of view, even Huo Zhengzhou to Luoyang expressway section of the road monitoring system of using solar energy power supply for the full range of 100 sets of video surveillance cameras for the electricity.
Optimization of key equipment to improve power generation efficiency
Solar-powered highway monitoring system is composed of full solar array, battery, solar energy charge and discharge controller, inverter, transformer, devices such as cameras and Optical component. Solar photovoltaic power generation systems are components of the sunlight through the solar radiation produces photovoltaic current electricity load for the supply of electrical energy. Solar cells generate an electrical current through the charge and discharge controller, the load on one hand, the direct power supply, the other hand, the excess energy stored in batteries to prepare for light is insufficient power to the load. AC load through power inverter transformer to convert AC power applied. In response to adverse weather conditions caused by insufficient battery power, the system can be configured or self-generating electricity emergency charging interface. In order to improve the reliability of power supply system, through the Optical PV systems will be uploaded to the operational status of real-time monitoring center in order to take timely manual maintenance measures.
Solar photovoltaic technology in road transport sector is the main obstacle to the application of the applicability of the load power supply problems, how to combine the highway full load characteristics of electricity monitoring system, optimizing the power supply system design, reduce electricity load power consumption, improve the efficiency of solar power generation system is the key technology aspects of the project. Therefore, the project components are as follows for the system is mainly optimized.
Camera: solar power system to reduce the initial investment cost, traffic monitoring image quality to meet the requirements of the premise, after testing and research on electric power of the camera to make specific requests and technical improvements will bring the work of one all-weather cameras Rated power limited to 30 watts or less, and using 24-volt DC power supply.
Power conversion system: In order to meet the load of the DC power supply model, video surveillance system, power loads series of technological innovation, will replace the majority of AC load DC load. Through technical transformation, saving inverter and transformer equipment investment, reducing the risk of failure of the power system, reducing its own inverter and transformer power loss and improve power system solar power system reliability and the use of rate, but also reduces the power supply system to the solar cell array and battery capacity requirements, thus further reducing construction costs, and increase economic efficiency.
Solar panels: Solar panels are solar-powered system, the key equipment, the installation angle of a greater impact on power generation efficiency and minimize the level of the installation or vertical placement. The pilot, the project is the best solar panels installed with an inclination of 41.7 degrees, towards the due south. In the solar power system, the silicon-based photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is superior to polysilicon and amorphous silicon, although the non-monocrystalline silicon solar panel under special conditions can be used as supplementary power supply applications, but considering the low capacity of its power supply the aging characteristics of speed, the project selected monocrystalline solar panels.
Battery: Using the electrochemical reaction to achieve the mutual power and chemical energy conversion, solar power supply system in the energy storage device. Its main technical indicators such as capacity, cycle life and float life, etc.; the main control parameters include the discharge depth, float voltage, maximum charge and discharge current. Comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of various types of batteries, combined with cost analysis, the project is selected maintenance-free gel-type lead-acid batteries. Temperature on the obvious impact on the performance of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries should be in the outdoor temperature processing, engineering usually batteries placed on the ground wells or ground-based buildings. Through this project a variety of experimental methods to fully verify the impact of temperature on battery performance will be placed in thermal protection, battery boxes and buried in the permafrost below, ensure the battery best working condition. Run five years, after sampling, battery good working order.
Solar charge and discharge control: In order to achieve solar cells, batteries, and a reasonable match between the load to protect the power supply quality, increase solar power system efficiency and extend battery life. The project selected 12,24,48 VDC adaptive 20A solar charge and discharge controller, set-off discharge voltage 21.6VDC, to ensure that extreme weather conditions, reliable power supply. And configure the data acquisition module, the battery voltage, charge current, discharge current parameters such as real-time uploaded to the monitor center power management system.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Henan Expressway Development Co., Ltd. using solar photovoltaic technology, successfully implemented at the company Huo highway full of solar-powered video surveillance system demonstration project, in order to monitor the power grid to solve highway construction costs are high, line loss of large, energy low utilization rate of the issue to explore a new way. After nearly five years of actual operation to prove that the model engineering and technical programs mature, reliable, when compared with the power supply, power supply and distribution projects can save construction investment 58.3%, with an average savings of 31.3 thousand yuan per kilometer; five years to save electricity 220,000 Yuan, gasoline cost, 960,000 yuan to reduce the 402 tons of carbon dioxide emissions, the effect significant.
It is understood that, with the Henan highway road network gradually formed, in order to develop and implement contingency plans to reduce traffic congestion, prevent accidents, improve service levels, Henan Expressway Development Co., the company decided at the company (Yun Hong Kong) Fok (Er fruit Sri Lanka) highways under the jurisdiction of Zhengzhou and Luoyang, 220 kilometers of road within the framework of the implementation of process monitoring.
In order to expand the scope to monitor the effective implementation of process monitoring, field camera set interval of about 2 km, in a non-centralized linear layout, the use of a grid power supply, there are line losses large, high cost of construction investment, construction and complex high maintenance costs and operating problems. Meanwhile, the road section to be implemented without interrupting operation on both sides of the road widening works (4 changed 8), field cameras to be installed in the central isolation belt. As in the central isolation belt laying power cable, then the impact of communications and other weak signal. Therefore, the camera power supply issue has become the project implementation unit facing difficult problems.
Solar energy is an inexhaustible clean environmentally friendly energy sources, the use of solar photovoltaic technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy, has been widely used in aerospace, weather stations, telemetry, remote sensing, channel lighthouse, railway signals, communication and remote areas, island residents in the power supply and other fields. Solar photovoltaic technology to provide a solution to these problems. And in the Henan Province, Zheng Luo Road, Central, located at latitude 34.7 degrees year round sunshine 2000-2600 hours, an average annual sunshine rate of 45% to 55%, the total annual solar radiation, 110-125 kcal / square cm, along the daily average irradiation time is about 4.1 hours, belongs to three regions in the solar energy resources, solar energy resource rich region. Therefore, Cheng Luo Lu full realization of solar energy has good natural conditions for monitoring. Thus, according to Zheng Luo Lu entire monitor actual needs, from an economic, energy saving, environmental protection, and shorten the duration of the point of view, even Huo Zhengzhou to Luoyang expressway section of the road monitoring system of using solar energy power supply for the full range of 100 sets of video surveillance cameras for the electricity.
Optimization of key equipment to improve power generation efficiency
Solar-powered highway monitoring system is composed of full solar array, battery, solar energy charge and discharge controller, inverter, transformer, devices such as cameras and Optical component. Solar photovoltaic power generation systems are components of the sunlight through the solar radiation produces photovoltaic current electricity load for the supply of electrical energy. Solar cells generate an electrical current through the charge and discharge controller, the load on one hand, the direct power supply, the other hand, the excess energy stored in batteries to prepare for light is insufficient power to the load. AC load through power inverter transformer to convert AC power applied. In response to adverse weather conditions caused by insufficient battery power, the system can be configured or self-generating electricity emergency charging interface. In order to improve the reliability of power supply system, through the Optical PV systems will be uploaded to the operational status of real-time monitoring center in order to take timely manual maintenance measures.
Solar photovoltaic technology in road transport sector is the main obstacle to the application of the applicability of the load power supply problems, how to combine the highway full load characteristics of electricity monitoring system, optimizing the power supply system design, reduce electricity load power consumption, improve the efficiency of solar power generation system is the key technology aspects of the project. Therefore, the project components are as follows for the system is mainly optimized.
Camera: solar power system to reduce the initial investment cost, traffic monitoring image quality to meet the requirements of the premise, after testing and research on electric power of the camera to make specific requests and technical improvements will bring the work of one all-weather cameras Rated power limited to 30 watts or less, and using 24-volt DC power supply.
Power conversion system: In order to meet the load of the DC power supply model, video surveillance system, power loads series of technological innovation, will replace the majority of AC load DC load. Through technical transformation, saving inverter and transformer equipment investment, reducing the risk of failure of the power system, reducing its own inverter and transformer power loss and improve power system solar power system reliability and the use of rate, but also reduces the power supply system to the solar cell array and battery capacity requirements, thus further reducing construction costs, and increase economic efficiency.
Solar panels: Solar panels are solar-powered system, the key equipment, the installation angle of a greater impact on power generation efficiency and minimize the level of the installation or vertical placement. The pilot, the project is the best solar panels installed with an inclination of 41.7 degrees, towards the due south. In the solar power system, the silicon-based photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery is superior to polysilicon and amorphous silicon, although the non-monocrystalline silicon solar panel under special conditions can be used as supplementary power supply applications, but considering the low capacity of its power supply the aging characteristics of speed, the project selected monocrystalline solar panels.
Battery: Using the electrochemical reaction to achieve the mutual power and chemical energy conversion, solar power supply system in the energy storage device. Its main technical indicators such as capacity, cycle life and float life, etc.; the main control parameters include the discharge depth, float voltage, maximum charge and discharge current. Comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of various types of batteries, combined with cost analysis, the project is selected maintenance-free gel-type lead-acid batteries. Temperature on the obvious impact on the performance of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid batteries should be in the outdoor temperature processing, engineering usually batteries placed on the ground wells or ground-based buildings. Through this project a variety of experimental methods to fully verify the impact of temperature on battery performance will be placed in thermal protection, battery boxes and buried in the permafrost below, ensure the battery best working condition. Run five years, after sampling, battery good working order.
Solar charge and discharge control: In order to achieve solar cells, batteries, and a reasonable match between the load to protect the power supply quality, increase solar power system efficiency and extend battery life. The project selected 12,24,48 VDC adaptive 20A solar charge and discharge controller, set-off discharge voltage 21.6VDC, to ensure that extreme weather conditions, reliable power supply. And configure the data acquisition module, the battery voltage, charge current, discharge current parameters such as real-time uploaded to the monitor center power management system.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Solar brand will be the seventh Takehiro collective "carbon" road
Solar brand will be the seventh Takehiro collective "carbon" road
March 2010 20 ~ 22, the Seventh China (Wuhan) Solar brand products Expo Fourth China (Wuhan) Solar Spring Investment Expo (referred to as "Takehiro Council") in Wuhan International Convention and Exhibition Center was held. Takehiro this will be the theme of "low-carbon industry, China forces" in the world and vigorously
To promote low-carbon economy of today, Takehiro will play the "Healthy Living, elected me; low-carbon economy, look at me!" Slogan, the idea of changing economic growth pattern into one.
Solar water heaters in China to promote low-carbon economy will play an important role. According to the China Rural Energy Industry Association Professional Committee, director of solar thermal utilization Luozhen Tao, director of presentations, China solar water heater industry is the field of renewable energy technology products with independent intellectual property rights, is to basically achieve the industrialization of the national industry. In 2009 the total output of China's solar water heater up to 42 million ㎡, the total holdings to 145 million ㎡. Per square meter of solar water heaters very significant environmental benefits, the annual alternative to coal for electricity 150kgce quite 417 degrees. In carbon emissions, the annual emissions per square meter of solar water heater is about 320kg.
Takehiro will focus on showcasing the current solar industry, advanced products and technologies, including solar water heaters, solar collector, mini booster pump, silicone seals, polyurethane foam equipment, equipment and products; solar lights, LED lights, household photovoltaic power, photovoltaic power transmission and distribution equipment, controllers, power inverters, etc.; air source, water source, ground source heat pump equipment and systems and other products; and solar energy industry, new technologies, new patents, new and improved technology.
Takehiro will be exhibited this area's biggest ever, with a total display area of more than 20,000 square meters, more than 300 exhibitors. There is a market influence of domestic solar water heater brands Huang Ming, Qinghua Sun, sun rain, the United States Grand, Four Seasons Mu-song, Sunshine, Sun Bao Deng Jun exhibitors. Home appliances to the countryside is also a major gathering of successful brands.
Takehiro will be held this year the International Forum on solar energy development, solar water heating projects and with auxiliary heating energy home solar water heating system the national standard qualification training, 2009 annual national solar energy heat utilization industry, the brand selection activities, 10 million big dealer named solar dealer activities such as book club, set up by the audience's warm welcome. For further accelerate the rapid and healthy development of solar energy industry has laid a solid foundation.
National Development and Reform Commission is drafting a low-carbon economic development, guidance, Hubei Province, will bid to become state "low-carbon economic development pilot area", to actively apply for state-level "low-carbon cities" and "low-carbon parks" pilot, develop new industries, optimizing energy structure, innovative low-carbon technologies and the establishment of a low-carbon consumption. Therefore, the current Takehiro Council will be held in Wuhan, Hubei Province and Wuhan City, the building of low-carbon demonstration projects play an active role in promoting.
The fair attracted more than 300 well-known national brands, in particular, solar energy dealers and other professional audience participation than in the past various types of solar energy exhibition. Known as the solar energy industry "Olympics" of Takehiro will conform to the trend, sing the "low-carbon economy" the main theme of the era.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
March 2010 20 ~ 22, the Seventh China (Wuhan) Solar brand products Expo Fourth China (Wuhan) Solar Spring Investment Expo (referred to as "Takehiro Council") in Wuhan International Convention and Exhibition Center was held. Takehiro this will be the theme of "low-carbon industry, China forces" in the world and vigorously
To promote low-carbon economy of today, Takehiro will play the "Healthy Living, elected me; low-carbon economy, look at me!" Slogan, the idea of changing economic growth pattern into one.
Solar water heaters in China to promote low-carbon economy will play an important role. According to the China Rural Energy Industry Association Professional Committee, director of solar thermal utilization Luozhen Tao, director of presentations, China solar water heater industry is the field of renewable energy technology products with independent intellectual property rights, is to basically achieve the industrialization of the national industry. In 2009 the total output of China's solar water heater up to 42 million ㎡, the total holdings to 145 million ㎡. Per square meter of solar water heaters very significant environmental benefits, the annual alternative to coal for electricity 150kgce quite 417 degrees. In carbon emissions, the annual emissions per square meter of solar water heater is about 320kg.
Takehiro will focus on showcasing the current solar industry, advanced products and technologies, including solar water heaters, solar collector, mini booster pump, silicone seals, polyurethane foam equipment, equipment and products; solar lights, LED lights, household photovoltaic power, photovoltaic power transmission and distribution equipment, controllers, power inverters, etc.; air source, water source, ground source heat pump equipment and systems and other products; and solar energy industry, new technologies, new patents, new and improved technology.
Takehiro will be exhibited this area's biggest ever, with a total display area of more than 20,000 square meters, more than 300 exhibitors. There is a market influence of domestic solar water heater brands Huang Ming, Qinghua Sun, sun rain, the United States Grand, Four Seasons Mu-song, Sunshine, Sun Bao Deng Jun exhibitors. Home appliances to the countryside is also a major gathering of successful brands.
Takehiro will be held this year the International Forum on solar energy development, solar water heating projects and with auxiliary heating energy home solar water heating system the national standard qualification training, 2009 annual national solar energy heat utilization industry, the brand selection activities, 10 million big dealer named solar dealer activities such as book club, set up by the audience's warm welcome. For further accelerate the rapid and healthy development of solar energy industry has laid a solid foundation.
National Development and Reform Commission is drafting a low-carbon economic development, guidance, Hubei Province, will bid to become state "low-carbon economic development pilot area", to actively apply for state-level "low-carbon cities" and "low-carbon parks" pilot, develop new industries, optimizing energy structure, innovative low-carbon technologies and the establishment of a low-carbon consumption. Therefore, the current Takehiro Council will be held in Wuhan, Hubei Province and Wuhan City, the building of low-carbon demonstration projects play an active role in promoting.
The fair attracted more than 300 well-known national brands, in particular, solar energy dealers and other professional audience participation than in the past various types of solar energy exhibition. Known as the solar energy industry "Olympics" of Takehiro will conform to the trend, sing the "low-carbon economy" the main theme of the era.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月23日星期二
Glimpse of Chinese New Year production and sales of some enterprises
Glimpse of Chinese New Year production and sales of some enterprises
To open up new markets for new products
March 15, the reporter had just walked in front of Rhythm and the new energy plant, they were told to "quarantine need to be replaced by a one-time access to the inside." Into the shop, I saw green on the ground was too wiping clean as a mirror, a brand-new machinery and equipment were neatly arranged in various functional areas, uniform dress for the new facilities for staff are being detected.
Shao-Fang Zou, Assistant General Manager said that the devices are currently produced last year with the Ministry of Education, Research Center for Photovoltaic Engineering R & D cooperation in the new energy-saving products with high technological content, and many new products come out after it has been a vast Customers of all ages. Such as the high-voltage converter this product, although the price of each converter up to 40 million, is still orders constantly in January this year, Fuyang, a company once ordered 10 sets. Last year in August, the company developed photovoltaic power inverter due to a technical standards in line with national "golden sun" engineering requirements, highly optimistic about the industry, at present the company has arranged for elite forces to participate in the "Golden Sun" project bidding, which is expected This year's sales of this product will reach 50 million yuan.
Frequently in the domestic market, while a victory, the company's overseas sales have also made a surprise performance. In March of this year, low-power inverter PV off from Belgium received 300 orders worth 200 million yuan. Under the agreement, the first order is completed, the monthly orders will be renewed. At present, the products are orders outside of Belgium, Germany, Britain, Australia and other countries the company also signed the order with the company.
Have tasted the sweetness of the new product research and development to bring this year, following the company to further strengthen cooperation with the Ministry of Education Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Research Center, co-operation in new product research and development and increase input. The beginning has been successfully developed two new 500 kW and 1,000 kW photovoltaic power inverter, and is developing 1500 kilowatts, and 3000 kilowatts of two high-voltage inverter.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
To open up new markets for new products
March 15, the reporter had just walked in front of Rhythm and the new energy plant, they were told to "quarantine need to be replaced by a one-time access to the inside." Into the shop, I saw green on the ground was too wiping clean as a mirror, a brand-new machinery and equipment were neatly arranged in various functional areas, uniform dress for the new facilities for staff are being detected.
Shao-Fang Zou, Assistant General Manager said that the devices are currently produced last year with the Ministry of Education, Research Center for Photovoltaic Engineering R & D cooperation in the new energy-saving products with high technological content, and many new products come out after it has been a vast Customers of all ages. Such as the high-voltage converter this product, although the price of each converter up to 40 million, is still orders constantly in January this year, Fuyang, a company once ordered 10 sets. Last year in August, the company developed photovoltaic power inverter due to a technical standards in line with national "golden sun" engineering requirements, highly optimistic about the industry, at present the company has arranged for elite forces to participate in the "Golden Sun" project bidding, which is expected This year's sales of this product will reach 50 million yuan.
Frequently in the domestic market, while a victory, the company's overseas sales have also made a surprise performance. In March of this year, low-power inverter PV off from Belgium received 300 orders worth 200 million yuan. Under the agreement, the first order is completed, the monthly orders will be renewed. At present, the products are orders outside of Belgium, Germany, Britain, Australia and other countries the company also signed the order with the company.
Have tasted the sweetness of the new product research and development to bring this year, following the company to further strengthen cooperation with the Ministry of Education Photovoltaic Systems Engineering Research Center, co-operation in new product research and development and increase input. The beginning has been successfully developed two new 500 kW and 1,000 kW photovoltaic power inverter, and is developing 1500 kilowatts, and 3000 kilowatts of two high-voltage inverter.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Smart Grid: what will the next four trillion bring？
Smart Grid: what will the next four trillion bring？
CPPCC National Committee member, Chinese Academy of Engineering Huang Lai suggested that the smart grid raised to the height of the building of intelligent power systems and their integration into national energy strategy planning, "Shier Wu" Planning and the major national scientific and technological project plan. One can be all-round promotion of hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar and other renewable and clean energy development and utilization, optimizing energy structure and layout to improve the proportion of clean energy; second is through the realization of the power companies and electricity users of the two-way interaction can be realized effectively demand side response, improve end-use energy efficiency and promote energy-saving electric side; third is to increase the generating units and transmission facilities, the use of hours, reducing coal consumption of thermal power generation, promoting energy-efficient power generation side; 4 is to promote cutting-edge related technologies to other advances, such as the new transmission technology, distributed energy technologies, energy storage technologies, electric vehicles and intelligent home appliances such as the promotion and application of new technologies. Therefore, the State Grid 4 trillion yuan made huge investments in smart grid plan, that is, by 2020 the total investment in smart grid size of nearly 4 trillion yuan.
State Grid Energy Institute research report by the U.S. smart grid related research shows that the construction of smart grid for each invest 100 billion yuan, four times more than can bring the economic and social comprehensive benefits. It is estimated that an investment of 50 billion yuan building a strong intelligence network, will lead several times of social investment, direct job creation of about 14 million. At present, the most direct beneficiaries of the smart grid will be the electrical equipment business. Correlation analysis that the smart grid investment in equipment will account for about 40% of the total investment, or 400 billion yuan market scale.
Clearly such a large-scale as the smart grid investments, careful and scientific approach to, and with the same in advancing the smart grid development, the United States, for example, the U.S. government in no hurry to carry out large-scale construction of a substantial investment in its investment approach is mainly R & D areas for small-scale channeling funds for the development of smart grid technology immaturity and uncertainty generally cautious. Thus, at the initial stage of the smart grid did not have the large-scale development, especially in the near future substantive construction conditions.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
CPPCC National Committee member, Chinese Academy of Engineering Huang Lai suggested that the smart grid raised to the height of the building of intelligent power systems and their integration into national energy strategy planning, "Shier Wu" Planning and the major national scientific and technological project plan. One can be all-round promotion of hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar and other renewable and clean energy development and utilization, optimizing energy structure and layout to improve the proportion of clean energy; second is through the realization of the power companies and electricity users of the two-way interaction can be realized effectively demand side response, improve end-use energy efficiency and promote energy-saving electric side; third is to increase the generating units and transmission facilities, the use of hours, reducing coal consumption of thermal power generation, promoting energy-efficient power generation side; 4 is to promote cutting-edge related technologies to other advances, such as the new transmission technology, distributed energy technologies, energy storage technologies, electric vehicles and intelligent home appliances such as the promotion and application of new technologies. Therefore, the State Grid 4 trillion yuan made huge investments in smart grid plan, that is, by 2020 the total investment in smart grid size of nearly 4 trillion yuan.
State Grid Energy Institute research report by the U.S. smart grid related research shows that the construction of smart grid for each invest 100 billion yuan, four times more than can bring the economic and social comprehensive benefits. It is estimated that an investment of 50 billion yuan building a strong intelligence network, will lead several times of social investment, direct job creation of about 14 million. At present, the most direct beneficiaries of the smart grid will be the electrical equipment business. Correlation analysis that the smart grid investment in equipment will account for about 40% of the total investment, or 400 billion yuan market scale.
The relevant responsible person said, a huge investment in smart grid, electrical equipment manufacturers will provide a strong driving force for technological transformation. He believes that smart grid will be able to speed up deployment of a second integration of the power inherent in the market pace and break the pattern, so that China could have as ABB, Siemens, as a large-scale electrical business. In specific products, electrical equipment enterprises believe that the charging station required a large number of power inverters and smart meters will be the benefit from the smart power grid construction in recent years.
Clearly such a large-scale as the smart grid investments, careful and scientific approach to, and with the same in advancing the smart grid development, the United States, for example, the U.S. government in no hurry to carry out large-scale construction of a substantial investment in its investment approach is mainly R & D areas for small-scale channeling funds for the development of smart grid technology immaturity and uncertainty generally cautious. Thus, at the initial stage of the smart grid did not have the large-scale development, especially in the near future substantive construction conditions.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月22日星期一
LabVIEW-Based Detection System Memory （part 2）
LabVIEW-Based Detection System Memory （part 2）
3 System Software Design
3.1 software, the overall program
The system software, based in part on virtual instrument technology for development. Choose LabVIEW as a test program development tools, Access as a database tool. The entire software from the master program, man-machine interface, test module, diagnostic module, database module. Master program is responsible for the various modules of the calls and coordination; man-machine interface to achieve the user interaction with the test system; test module to complete digital signal output and collection; database module used to implement system-wide data management.
3.2 Main program
Relying on LabVIEW software, the main program, using modular design concepts, mainly including the initial procedure, test data, read / write data, cancel settings, and the misjudgment of five parts. Procedures for the initial module, used for panel parameter settings and card settings; test data module. For: data from the database through a query, extract the address and data information; through the read / write information to determine and select the output read data. If the test when anomalies by the program to customize the output error, failure to pass through the custom error message will pop up simultaneously read / write cycles; cancel settings, change the test used to restore the various parameters; misjudgment module, used to judge error types, custom error carried through to determine the information to determine fault type, and give feedback computer interface. Figure 2 is a block diagram of main program procedures.
3.3 Test procedure
March of the memory test algorithm used. March algorithm is characterized by the memory write and read data sequentially, by analyzing the data to determine memory failures. Therefore, the process of compiling the test program, the digital signal input / output is more critical. Figure 3 is the read / write operations diagram. According to the actual program laptop adapter. Data input / output in the design also has certain requirements. To write data to memory is divided into three steps: to write address latch to latch write data, and status of the output latch. To read the data memory is divided into four steps: write to latch address, and state latch output, test data output valid signal, the data read latch. Practical applications may be based on different chips, set a different delay time to meet the read / write cycle.
3.4 Database Design
Software design, the use of master information and test procedures for the separation of thought, through a database to store test information. Database using the more common database Access. Test, according to different test algorithms, different test data compilation to the database. Test, the main program to the database through the SQL language calls, control digital signal input / output, in order to achieve scalability test content. According to Marct, the algorithm rules, design data tables, the design number, read / write operations, address, data, and end marker 5. No Marcrt algorithms in order to achieve implementation; read / write operations for the main program to determine the data read / write operations; address used to store address information; data are used to store data information; end marker for the end of the testing of this algorithm . Database storage table shown in Figure 4. The first line, said first read / write operation, write data to the 0 address 80.
4 Conclusion
Using NI series PXI boards and flexible and convenient LabVIEW software platform to build a set equipped with a memory detection system. Through a database to achieve the test algorithms and test procedures for the independence of the March, according to different algorithms to be tested. The experimental results indicated that the system has automatic testing and strong, easy to operate, scalability, and other properties, effectively improved the memory of a test efficiency equipment.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
3 System Software Design
3.1 software, the overall program
The system software, based in part on virtual instrument technology for development. Choose LabVIEW as a test program development tools, Access as a database tool. The entire software from the master program, man-machine interface, test module, diagnostic module, database module. Master program is responsible for the various modules of the calls and coordination; man-machine interface to achieve the user interaction with the test system; test module to complete digital signal output and collection; database module used to implement system-wide data management.
3.2 Main program
Relying on LabVIEW software, the main program, using modular design concepts, mainly including the initial procedure, test data, read / write data, cancel settings, and the misjudgment of five parts. Procedures for the initial module, used for panel parameter settings and card settings; test data module. For: data from the database through a query, extract the address and data information; through the read / write information to determine and select the output read data. If the test when anomalies by the program to customize the output error, failure to pass through the custom error message will pop up simultaneously read / write cycles; cancel settings, change the test used to restore the various parameters; misjudgment module, used to judge error types, custom error carried through to determine the information to determine fault type, and give feedback computer interface. Figure 2 is a block diagram of main program procedures.
3.3 Test procedure
March of the memory test algorithm used. March algorithm is characterized by the memory write and read data sequentially, by analyzing the data to determine memory failures. Therefore, the process of compiling the test program, the digital signal input / output is more critical. Figure 3 is the read / write operations diagram. According to the actual program laptop adapter. Data input / output in the design also has certain requirements. To write data to memory is divided into three steps: to write address latch to latch write data, and status of the output latch. To read the data memory is divided into four steps: write to latch address, and state latch output, test data output valid signal, the data read latch. Practical applications may be based on different chips, set a different delay time to meet the read / write cycle.
3.4 Database Design
Software design, the use of master information and test procedures for the separation of thought, through a database to store test information. Database using the more common database Access. Test, according to different test algorithms, different test data compilation to the database. Test, the main program to the database through the SQL language calls, control digital signal input / output, in order to achieve scalability test content. According to Marct, the algorithm rules, design data tables, the design number, read / write operations, address, data, and end marker 5. No Marcrt algorithms in order to achieve implementation; read / write operations for the main program to determine the data read / write operations; address used to store address information; data are used to store data information; end marker for the end of the testing of this algorithm . Database storage table shown in Figure 4. The first line, said first read / write operation, write data to the 0 address 80.
4 Conclusion
Using NI series PXI boards and flexible and convenient LabVIEW software platform to build a set equipped with a memory detection system. Through a database to achieve the test algorithms and test procedures for the independence of the March, according to different algorithms to be tested. The experimental results indicated that the system has automatic testing and strong, easy to operate, scalability, and other properties, effectively improved the memory of a test efficiency equipment.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
LabVIEW-Based Detection System Memory （part 1）
LabVIEW-Based Detection System Memory （part 1）
Abstract: According to an equipment storage without the corresponding test equipment, the test is relatively more complicated design of the memory-based LabVlEW detection system. PXI hardware, relying on test bus to achieve it. High reliability. Strong flexibility characteristics. Memory for the combination of features, design a dedicated interface laptop adapter is mainly used for signal synchronization and conditioning. This paper analyzes the type of memory failure, study and had extended March algorithm. LabVIEW as a software tool system to achieve automated testing of memory, using the database to achieve the test method and test procedures for separation. The system has easy to use, scalability and other properties, effectively improved the memory of a test efficiency equipment.
Key words: memory; virtual instruments; LabVIEW; database; March
In the electronic equipment during operation, memory failure or failure, not only led to economic losses, but also may lead to disastrous consequences. Therefore, memory testing has also become an important issue in today's world, in the military equipment in the memory is playing a very important role. At present, based on virtual instrument designed for automated test systems have become mainstream, while the software is the core of the virtual instrument. At this point, with LabVIEW as software tools, combined with the corresponding figures I / O cards, develop a set of memory testing equipment used in a detection system.
An overall program and hardware design
1.1 Requirements Analysis
The system tested the selected object is a certain type of equipment in the common memory, the test channel with address bus 18, data bus 18, control line 3 (line of control in a total of seven, including three valid). Among them, the status output signal, said read / write signals are effective; read / write signal, said right RAM read / write operations; data output valid signal, said data output is valid. Capacity of 8 KB, read cycle, 400 ns, the write cycle 500 ns, power supply voltage of 5 V.
1.2 Hardware Design
The hardware system to the computer center as the main body, to insert one of the digital I / O cards feature. Through computer-controlled digital I / O cards for digital signal output and measurement. It can be seen, the system platform to build the key is to select the appropriate number of I / O cards. The system tests the main signals are address signals, data signals and control signals. Taking into account the output bits and speed of the company with the NI digital waveform generator / analyzer 6542, which has 32 bi-directional control channel can be easily signal output and signal acquisition. The module for each channel 1 Mb, 8 Mb and 64 Mb of onboard memory, easy to test the information storage.
1.3 interface laptop adapter design and port allocation
Interface laptop adapter for connecting the device under test and test platforms. Design-time use only one 6542 module, so only 32 output channels, can not be achieved effectively simultaneous output of all signals designed to be applied for data lines and address lines of the principle of sharing to be addressed. Interface Laptop Adapter the composition of the block diagram shown in Figure 1. Select 6542's portO ~ port2 as the common address lines and data lines, port3 as the Line of Control. A two-way latch latch select, through the directional control latch data input / output chip select control line control data latches, latch output control line control latch inside the data read-out.
2 Memory Test Algorithm Analysis
2.1 Memory Fault Type
Memory failure in general can be divided into a single unit failures and failures between the two types of cells. A single unit failure include: viscous fault (SAF) an array is always 0 or 1; conversion failure (TF), that is, a specific unit in a certain sequence of conversion can not be 0 / 1 turnover; data retention fault (DFR), that is, a unit in a period of time can not keep its logic value, etc.. Unit is mainly between the failure of coupling fault (CF), which includes the word within a word between failures and faults.
2.2. Algorithm March
Failure for the different types of memory, made a variety of memory test algorithms, such as March algorithms, Walking algorithm, Calloping algorithm. One, March algorithm has higher fault coverage, smaller time complexity, in the memory test to be widely used. The basic steps to use formula is as follows:
Where: Cij represents the first i row, j-column memory cell; R is a read operation; W is a write operation; that the set of all C; Σ said that the sum of episodes; comma "," is the formula for the orderly operation between the separator; 0 or 1, said background data and operational data. Formula can be calculated according to the test complexity is 5N. Simple terms it is in accordance with certain rules to memory write and read data. For different fault models, test different data backgrounds to add the corresponding fault coverage can be achieved. Usually, an algorithm can not cover all of the fault type, so the test to use two or more algorithms.
2.3 March algorithm to detect System
March algorithms are generally operate in bits, while the measured object is 18-bit data path, storage means for storing bytes, and should therefore be extended to the March algorithm. Tests to take into account not only the inter-word fault, but also should be considered a multiple-bit words of the coupling between the fault. Faced with this situation should increase the test data March algorithms. For the N bits of memory, a total of log2N +1 kinds of test data, literature data are given background formula. The measured object has 18-bit memory, there are five groups by calculating the test data:
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Abstract: According to an equipment storage without the corresponding test equipment, the test is relatively more complicated design of the memory-based LabVlEW detection system. PXI hardware, relying on test bus to achieve it. High reliability. Strong flexibility characteristics. Memory for the combination of features, design a dedicated interface laptop adapter is mainly used for signal synchronization and conditioning. This paper analyzes the type of memory failure, study and had extended March algorithm. LabVIEW as a software tool system to achieve automated testing of memory, using the database to achieve the test method and test procedures for separation. The system has easy to use, scalability and other properties, effectively improved the memory of a test efficiency equipment.
Key words: memory; virtual instruments; LabVIEW; database; March
In the electronic equipment during operation, memory failure or failure, not only led to economic losses, but also may lead to disastrous consequences. Therefore, memory testing has also become an important issue in today's world, in the military equipment in the memory is playing a very important role. At present, based on virtual instrument designed for automated test systems have become mainstream, while the software is the core of the virtual instrument. At this point, with LabVIEW as software tools, combined with the corresponding figures I / O cards, develop a set of memory testing equipment used in a detection system.
An overall program and hardware design
1.1 Requirements Analysis
The system tested the selected object is a certain type of equipment in the common memory, the test channel with address bus 18, data bus 18, control line 3 (line of control in a total of seven, including three valid). Among them, the status output signal, said read / write signals are effective; read / write signal, said right RAM read / write operations; data output valid signal, said data output is valid. Capacity of 8 KB, read cycle, 400 ns, the write cycle 500 ns, power supply voltage of 5 V.
1.2 Hardware Design
The hardware system to the computer center as the main body, to insert one of the digital I / O cards feature. Through computer-controlled digital I / O cards for digital signal output and measurement. It can be seen, the system platform to build the key is to select the appropriate number of I / O cards. The system tests the main signals are address signals, data signals and control signals. Taking into account the output bits and speed of the company with the NI digital waveform generator / analyzer 6542, which has 32 bi-directional control channel can be easily signal output and signal acquisition. The module for each channel 1 Mb, 8 Mb and 64 Mb of onboard memory, easy to test the information storage.
1.3 interface laptop adapter design and port allocation
Interface laptop adapter for connecting the device under test and test platforms. Design-time use only one 6542 module, so only 32 output channels, can not be achieved effectively simultaneous output of all signals designed to be applied for data lines and address lines of the principle of sharing to be addressed. Interface Laptop Adapter the composition of the block diagram shown in Figure 1. Select 6542's portO ~ port2 as the common address lines and data lines, port3 as the Line of Control. A two-way latch latch select, through the directional control latch data input / output chip select control line control data latches, latch output control line control latch inside the data read-out.
2 Memory Test Algorithm Analysis
2.1 Memory Fault Type
Memory failure in general can be divided into a single unit failures and failures between the two types of cells. A single unit failure include: viscous fault (SAF) an array is always 0 or 1; conversion failure (TF), that is, a specific unit in a certain sequence of conversion can not be 0 / 1 turnover; data retention fault (DFR), that is, a unit in a period of time can not keep its logic value, etc.. Unit is mainly between the failure of coupling fault (CF), which includes the word within a word between failures and faults.
2.2. Algorithm March
Failure for the different types of memory, made a variety of memory test algorithms, such as March algorithms, Walking algorithm, Calloping algorithm. One, March algorithm has higher fault coverage, smaller time complexity, in the memory test to be widely used. The basic steps to use formula is as follows:
Where: Cij represents the first i row, j-column memory cell; R is a read operation; W is a write operation; that the set of all C; Σ said that the sum of episodes; comma "," is the formula for the orderly operation between the separator; 0 or 1, said background data and operational data. Formula can be calculated according to the test complexity is 5N. Simple terms it is in accordance with certain rules to memory write and read data. For different fault models, test different data backgrounds to add the corresponding fault coverage can be achieved. Usually, an algorithm can not cover all of the fault type, so the test to use two or more algorithms.
2.3 March algorithm to detect System
March algorithms are generally operate in bits, while the measured object is 18-bit data path, storage means for storing bytes, and should therefore be extended to the March algorithm. Tests to take into account not only the inter-word fault, but also should be considered a multiple-bit words of the coupling between the fault. Faced with this situation should increase the test data March algorithms. For the N bits of memory, a total of log2N +1 kinds of test data, literature data are given background formula. The measured object has 18-bit memory, there are five groups by calculating the test data:
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月20日星期六
Refrigerator refrigeration compressor controller based on dsPIC30F4012 (part 2)
Refrigerator refrigeration compressor controller based on dsPIC30F4012 (part 2)
3 Control System Hardware Design
The system by detecting the terminal voltage of "off the mid-point" rotor position obtained from the dsPIC30F4012 output PWM pulse square wave, after driving circuit driving the corresponding power tubes off and realize the correct power the motor, the motor running.
About 3.1 dsPIC30F4012
dsPIC30F4012 for Microchip's DSP processing power with a high-performance 16-bit microcontroller, and its unique modular architecture and powerful performance makes the storage of its application to brushless motor control has certain advantages. dsPIC30F4012 motor with a dedicated on-chip PWM controller (MCPWM); through the program can produce independent, with the same frequency and methods of work of the three-phase 6-channel PWM waveform, each pin drive current up to 25 mA, by the mouth directly RE output to drive, and the three-phase non-overlapping complementary. To prevent the same bridge arm of the two power tube through causing a short circuit occurs, the structure greatly simplifies the resulting PWM waveform control software and external hardware, the system adjusted by a potentiometer BLDC speed; resistor voltage VDC of the completion of testing, VDC / namely, two terminal voltage "off the mid-point" of the voltage; voltage feedback through the three resistors right to achieve.
3.2 Drive Circuit
Drive circuit shown in Figure 2. IR2101 is the IR produced a cost-effective drive, drive better effect and easy to operate. IR2101 drivers can drive a group of power tube, the entire power circuit can be only three, so that will not only save manufacturing costs, but also to improve system stability.
3.3 The current feedback and fault detection circuit
Current feedback and fault detection circuit shown in Figure 3. The first one current feedback op-amp current through the sample on the bus, amplification of the AN2 input pin to the dsPIC30F4012 achieved: the first one op-amp's output connected to the first two inverse operation amplifier circuit, for motor fault detection, when the busbar current is too large to let the microprocessor into the fault handling. Reasonable and practicable system of programs and algorithms.
4 system debugging and testing
Figure 4 for the system's main program flow, the main program is mainly to set the various device control word, to initialize the value of each variable and signs, open the corresponding interrupt and regulate the motor speed. Three-phase power inverter drives, PWM duty cycle register (PDCX) and rewrite the control register (OVDCON) with the use of the duty cycle registers to control the current flowing through the load, you can rewrite the control registers control the commutation. dsPIC30F4012 built-in motor dedicated PWM controller structure, and can greatly simplify the resulting PWM waveform control software and external hardware design. After the success with the ICD2 to debug a program downloaded to the dsPIC30F4012, the assembly of the entire system, tested, the system has good stability and controllability, and to respond quickly, run smoothly, has good static and dynamic performance. Figure 5 is a 4-channel oscilloscope collected four power tubes driving waveforms. Waveforms show that the system control program and algorithms used in reasonable and feasible.
5 Conclusion
After testing, the system design has good stability and controllability, although in low-speed startup, the motor performance than a sensorless brushless DC motor, while the performance with the performance starts fairly. Throughout the system hardware, low cost, control performance, flexible, and has broad market prospects.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
3 Control System Hardware Design
The system by detecting the terminal voltage of "off the mid-point" rotor position obtained from the dsPIC30F4012 output PWM pulse square wave, after driving circuit driving the corresponding power tubes off and realize the correct power the motor, the motor running.
About 3.1 dsPIC30F4012
dsPIC30F4012 for Microchip's DSP processing power with a high-performance 16-bit microcontroller, and its unique modular architecture and powerful performance makes the storage of its application to brushless motor control has certain advantages. dsPIC30F4012 motor with a dedicated on-chip PWM controller (MCPWM); through the program can produce independent, with the same frequency and methods of work of the three-phase 6-channel PWM waveform, each pin drive current up to 25 mA, by the mouth directly RE output to drive, and the three-phase non-overlapping complementary. To prevent the same bridge arm of the two power tube through causing a short circuit occurs, the structure greatly simplifies the resulting PWM waveform control software and external hardware, the system adjusted by a potentiometer BLDC speed; resistor voltage VDC of the completion of testing, VDC / namely, two terminal voltage "off the mid-point" of the voltage; voltage feedback through the three resistors right to achieve.
3.2 Drive Circuit
Drive circuit shown in Figure 2. IR2101 is the IR produced a cost-effective drive, drive better effect and easy to operate. IR2101 drivers can drive a group of power tube, the entire power circuit can be only three, so that will not only save manufacturing costs, but also to improve system stability.
3.3 The current feedback and fault detection circuit
Current feedback and fault detection circuit shown in Figure 3. The first one current feedback op-amp current through the sample on the bus, amplification of the AN2 input pin to the dsPIC30F4012 achieved: the first one op-amp's output connected to the first two inverse operation amplifier circuit, for motor fault detection, when the busbar current is too large to let the microprocessor into the fault handling. Reasonable and practicable system of programs and algorithms.
4 system debugging and testing
Figure 4 for the system's main program flow, the main program is mainly to set the various device control word, to initialize the value of each variable and signs, open the corresponding interrupt and regulate the motor speed. Three-phase power inverter drives, PWM duty cycle register (PDCX) and rewrite the control register (OVDCON) with the use of the duty cycle registers to control the current flowing through the load, you can rewrite the control registers control the commutation. dsPIC30F4012 built-in motor dedicated PWM controller structure, and can greatly simplify the resulting PWM waveform control software and external hardware design. After the success with the ICD2 to debug a program downloaded to the dsPIC30F4012, the assembly of the entire system, tested, the system has good stability and controllability, and to respond quickly, run smoothly, has good static and dynamic performance. Figure 5 is a 4-channel oscilloscope collected four power tubes driving waveforms. Waveforms show that the system control program and algorithms used in reasonable and feasible.
5 Conclusion
After testing, the system design has good stability and controllability, although in low-speed startup, the motor performance than a sensorless brushless DC motor, while the performance with the performance starts fairly. Throughout the system hardware, low cost, control performance, flexible, and has broad market prospects.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Refrigerator refrigeration compressor controller based on dsPIC30F4012 (part 1)
Refrigerator refrigeration compressor controller based on dsPIC30F4012 (part 1)
Abstract: Based on dsPIC30F4012 design a refrigeration compressor for refrigerators brushless DC motor control system. The drive motor through the three-l-frequency step-up method starts, when you run to the satisfaction of self-synchronization speed, single-chip by detecting the motor terminal voltage to obtain the rotor commutation point, and through the PID control algorithm to improve system robustness. After testing, the system has good stability and controllability, both to reduce costs, but also flexible control with high practical value.
Keywords: brushless DC motor (BLDC); digital signal processor (DSP); pulse width modulation (PWM); PID algorithm; dsPIC30F4012
1 Introduction
Household refrigerator compressor drive motors generally use the single-phase asynchronous motor. In order to improve overall performance of refrigerators, energy-saving noise reduction, improve the efficiency of the refrigerator cooling system is required on the compressor motor speed control. Brushless DC motor BLDC (brushless DC motor) AC motor only has simple structure, reliable operation, convenient maintenance advantages, but also has high efficiency DC motor and speed advantages of good performance, therefore, used here for designing a dsPIC30F4012 Refrigeration Compressor brushless DC motor control system.
2 System Control Program
The system is designed with speed, current, position, three closed-loop control scheme, available to a good control performance.
As the motor starts back EMF zero or very small, three-up-step-up method using the motor to start, this process is mainly achieved by software, by giving more frequently accused of providing motor drive signals, while continuing to improve drive signal duty cycle until the motor reaches a certain speed and then turned to white-synchronous operation mode. Self-synchronization run-time. MCU by detecting the back EMF zero-crossing point to determine motor position, and then position signal according to rewrite OVDCON (control register) value, power inverter pwm_on modulation, namely, the power devices in the first 60 ° turn to PWM modulation, after the 60 ° to maintain Hengtong 22 conduction mode. The high utilization rate of turn-winding ways, electrical to contribute to the largest stable of the best, and PWM modulation control of a simple, non-controlled dead zone, can effectively inhibit the commutation torque ripple, significantly improve the motor performance.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Abstract: Based on dsPIC30F4012 design a refrigeration compressor for refrigerators brushless DC motor control system. The drive motor through the three-l-frequency step-up method starts, when you run to the satisfaction of self-synchronization speed, single-chip by detecting the motor terminal voltage to obtain the rotor commutation point, and through the PID control algorithm to improve system robustness. After testing, the system has good stability and controllability, both to reduce costs, but also flexible control with high practical value.
Keywords: brushless DC motor (BLDC); digital signal processor (DSP); pulse width modulation (PWM); PID algorithm; dsPIC30F4012
1 Introduction
Household refrigerator compressor drive motors generally use the single-phase asynchronous motor. In order to improve overall performance of refrigerators, energy-saving noise reduction, improve the efficiency of the refrigerator cooling system is required on the compressor motor speed control. Brushless DC motor BLDC (brushless DC motor) AC motor only has simple structure, reliable operation, convenient maintenance advantages, but also has high efficiency DC motor and speed advantages of good performance, therefore, used here for designing a dsPIC30F4012 Refrigeration Compressor brushless DC motor control system.
2 System Control Program
The system is designed with speed, current, position, three closed-loop control scheme, available to a good control performance.
As the motor starts back EMF zero or very small, three-up-step-up method using the motor to start, this process is mainly achieved by software, by giving more frequently accused of providing motor drive signals, while continuing to improve drive signal duty cycle until the motor reaches a certain speed and then turned to white-synchronous operation mode. Self-synchronization run-time. MCU by detecting the back EMF zero-crossing point to determine motor position, and then position signal according to rewrite OVDCON (control register) value, power inverter pwm_on modulation, namely, the power devices in the first 60 ° turn to PWM modulation, after the 60 ° to maintain Hengtong 22 conduction mode. The high utilization rate of turn-winding ways, electrical to contribute to the largest stable of the best, and PWM modulation control of a simple, non-controlled dead zone, can effectively inhibit the commutation torque ripple, significantly improve the motor performance.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月19日星期五
Suzhou New Energy 100 billion to accelerate the formation of industrial clusters
Suzhou New Energy 100 billion to accelerate the formation of industrial clusters
Yesterday, from the planning and construction of the Suzhou New District Hi-Tech Industrial Park was formally approved by the municipal government photovoltaic approved, will directly invest more than billions of dollars focused on creating an independent innovation capability, product supply chain integrity, logistics and distribution capabilities and efficient photovoltaic park. This marks the Suzhou in the development of photovoltaic industry, the new energy industry will achieve a new leap forward.
Suzhou Industrial Park in Suzhou High-tech photovoltaic science and technology in western city, the planning area of 3,000 acres, the park will introduce photovoltaic industry leading enterprises as the core of the cell chip and components manufacturers, silicon manufacturers, photovoltaic application technologies Research Institute, third-party testing center, power inverters and power storage batteries, super capacitors and other accessory products manufacturing enterprises and related photovoltaic equipment manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing enterprises photovoltaic testing, system integration business, as well as logistics and distribution centers. Industrial Park Planning an annual output of polycrystalline silicon films with 5GW battery 5GW films and components. After the completion of the project will become "industrial supporting capacity of the strongest, the longest chain, technical quality, most reliable and lowest operating costs, the most competitive" research and development of solar energy power plant production logistics base. Photovoltaic industry is the high-tech zone "2 +3" Industry Development Plan is an important component. At present the district already has a large number of enterprises and their associated supporting solar photovoltaic companies. Photovoltaic Industry Park, Suzhou Hi-tech building, will be available photovoltaic industry resources optimization and integration, industry-leading advantages, speed up the formation of new energy 100 billion industry cluster.
It is learned how to transformation and upgrading, the high-tech zones in particular this year, raised the need to set the power of the whole region, in investment, technology, human resources, capital and so on to the key projects in order to tilt; will vigorously to build a good foundation and development of new energy industry, the environment, to promote solar, wind and other clean energy industry chain, bigger and stronger. In last year's high-tech zone 33 leading talent project, the New Energy and Industrial projects will account for 5. In addition to photovoltaic industry, the area is also actively promote the special spectrum of wind energy, the United States En superconducting wind industry chain represented by the formation of the future high-tech zones will also become the largest wind turbine manufacturing bases.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Yesterday, from the planning and construction of the Suzhou New District Hi-Tech Industrial Park was formally approved by the municipal government photovoltaic approved, will directly invest more than billions of dollars focused on creating an independent innovation capability, product supply chain integrity, logistics and distribution capabilities and efficient photovoltaic park. This marks the Suzhou in the development of photovoltaic industry, the new energy industry will achieve a new leap forward.
Suzhou Industrial Park in Suzhou High-tech photovoltaic science and technology in western city, the planning area of 3,000 acres, the park will introduce photovoltaic industry leading enterprises as the core of the cell chip and components manufacturers, silicon manufacturers, photovoltaic application technologies Research Institute, third-party testing center, power inverters and power storage batteries, super capacitors and other accessory products manufacturing enterprises and related photovoltaic equipment manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing enterprises photovoltaic testing, system integration business, as well as logistics and distribution centers. Industrial Park Planning an annual output of polycrystalline silicon films with 5GW battery 5GW films and components. After the completion of the project will become "industrial supporting capacity of the strongest, the longest chain, technical quality, most reliable and lowest operating costs, the most competitive" research and development of solar energy power plant production logistics base. Photovoltaic industry is the high-tech zone "2 +3" Industry Development Plan is an important component. At present the district already has a large number of enterprises and their associated supporting solar photovoltaic companies. Photovoltaic Industry Park, Suzhou Hi-tech building, will be available photovoltaic industry resources optimization and integration, industry-leading advantages, speed up the formation of new energy 100 billion industry cluster.
It is learned how to transformation and upgrading, the high-tech zones in particular this year, raised the need to set the power of the whole region, in investment, technology, human resources, capital and so on to the key projects in order to tilt; will vigorously to build a good foundation and development of new energy industry, the environment, to promote solar, wind and other clean energy industry chain, bigger and stronger. In last year's high-tech zone 33 leading talent project, the New Energy and Industrial projects will account for 5. In addition to photovoltaic industry, the area is also actively promote the special spectrum of wind energy, the United States En superconducting wind industry chain represented by the formation of the future high-tech zones will also become the largest wind turbine manufacturing bases.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Power lithium-ion battery research: lithium-ion battery electric vehicle drive industry research reports
Power lithium-ion battery research: lithium-ion battery electric vehicle drive industry research reports
Trend of electric cars is inevitable. Automobile consumption as a social an important sign of improved living standards, in the aggregate control is unrealistic.
It is only through technology, exploration, search for alternative energy sources, reduce emissions, in order to ease the contradiction between demand for cars and environmental protection. The efficiency of pure electric vehicles can reach 3.9 times the regular gasoline cars, CO2 emissions can be reduced 2 / 3; hybrid electric vehicle can achieve 1.7 times the regular gasoline cars, CO2 emissions can be reduced about 1 / 2. In the foreseeable technological conditions, the trend of electric cars is inevitable.
The report focused on the lithium-ion batteries. The electric drive system of electric vehicles as the main components: power batteries (including battery management systems, charging systems), power inverters, drive motors (including motor speed control system). Advances in battery technology depends on materials science and other basic disciplines progress, technological breakthroughs difficult, but it depends on the promotion of electric vehicle battery cost has dropped significantly. Lithium-ion battery energy density is about 1.5-2.5 times the nickel-metal hydride batteries for lead-acid batteries 3-5 times as indicators of self-discharge was significantly better than nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion battery electric vehicle battery power will be the main technical line Therefore, we have electric vehicles in the first report of a thematic focus on lithium-ion battery.
The use of the cost of electric vehicles in 2020 is expected to reach with conventional cars quite. At present electric vehicles powered by rechargeable lithium-ion battery faster prices in the $ 1600/kwh about ordinary power lithium-ion battery prices in the $ 500/kwh, in accordance with the current U.S. gasoline and electricity price trends, in the car throughout the life cycle, 100km endurance capacity Quick charge lithium-ion battery powered electric cars using performance rather than the cost of gasoline internal combustion engine cars 25% higher. Once the electric vehicle battery power prices fell to $ 200-300/kwh, electric cars using the cost will be quite conventional cars. According to projections, the relevant policies in various countries, encouraged by 2020 the global demand for electric vehicles using lithium-ion close to 50Gwh, fast rechargeable batteries are expected to cost in 2020 dropped to $ 400-500/kwh, general power battery prices could fall to $ 200-300/kwh .
The promotion of electric vehicles will drive the growth in demand for raw materials downstream. Lithium-ion batteries are four main raw materials include: anode, cathode, electrolyte, separator.
Due to the different cathode materials, manufacturing costs account for about 30 ~ 40%, the negative electrode materials, accounting for about 15 ~ 20%, accounting for 15 ~ 20% of the diaphragm, electrolyte accounted for 5 ~ 10%, and other costs accounted for about 25%. We expect the Chinese electric vehicles in 2020's total car sales account for about 5.4%, PHEV is expected to become a major component of electric vehicles in 2020, accounting for 4.5% of total car sales. Electric vehicles in 2020 will reach 1.329 million, including HEV, PHEV, EV, respectively 13.5,109.5,9.8 million. In accordance with our model 2010 to-2015 Nian electric cars on the needs of cathode materials, respectively 347,970,1781,3507,5584,9432 t; in which the demand for lithium iron phosphate, respectively 31,165,563,1551,3084, 6123 tons. 2010-2015 pairs of anode materials for electric vehicle demand 162,434,740,1358,2025,3216 tons, respectively, for the needs of the electrolyte, respectively 135,362,616,1131,1687,2680 tons, the demand on the diaphragm 2429,6513,11094,20363,30368,48234 square meters, respectively.
Companies recommendation. Based on the company's core technology, the understanding, we recommend cathode materials technology is expected to win Shanshangufen (600,884), and lithium hexafluorophosphate may create a breakthrough in Jiangsu Guotai (002,091).
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Trend of electric cars is inevitable. Automobile consumption as a social an important sign of improved living standards, in the aggregate control is unrealistic.
It is only through technology, exploration, search for alternative energy sources, reduce emissions, in order to ease the contradiction between demand for cars and environmental protection. The efficiency of pure electric vehicles can reach 3.9 times the regular gasoline cars, CO2 emissions can be reduced 2 / 3; hybrid electric vehicle can achieve 1.7 times the regular gasoline cars, CO2 emissions can be reduced about 1 / 2. In the foreseeable technological conditions, the trend of electric cars is inevitable.
The report focused on the lithium-ion batteries. The electric drive system of electric vehicles as the main components: power batteries (including battery management systems, charging systems), power inverters, drive motors (including motor speed control system). Advances in battery technology depends on materials science and other basic disciplines progress, technological breakthroughs difficult, but it depends on the promotion of electric vehicle battery cost has dropped significantly. Lithium-ion battery energy density is about 1.5-2.5 times the nickel-metal hydride batteries for lead-acid batteries 3-5 times as indicators of self-discharge was significantly better than nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion battery electric vehicle battery power will be the main technical line Therefore, we have electric vehicles in the first report of a thematic focus on lithium-ion battery.
The use of the cost of electric vehicles in 2020 is expected to reach with conventional cars quite. At present electric vehicles powered by rechargeable lithium-ion battery faster prices in the $ 1600/kwh about ordinary power lithium-ion battery prices in the $ 500/kwh, in accordance with the current U.S. gasoline and electricity price trends, in the car throughout the life cycle, 100km endurance capacity Quick charge lithium-ion battery powered electric cars using performance rather than the cost of gasoline internal combustion engine cars 25% higher. Once the electric vehicle battery power prices fell to $ 200-300/kwh, electric cars using the cost will be quite conventional cars. According to projections, the relevant policies in various countries, encouraged by 2020 the global demand for electric vehicles using lithium-ion close to 50Gwh, fast rechargeable batteries are expected to cost in 2020 dropped to $ 400-500/kwh, general power battery prices could fall to $ 200-300/kwh .
The promotion of electric vehicles will drive the growth in demand for raw materials downstream. Lithium-ion batteries are four main raw materials include: anode, cathode, electrolyte, separator.
Due to the different cathode materials, manufacturing costs account for about 30 ~ 40%, the negative electrode materials, accounting for about 15 ~ 20%, accounting for 15 ~ 20% of the diaphragm, electrolyte accounted for 5 ~ 10%, and other costs accounted for about 25%. We expect the Chinese electric vehicles in 2020's total car sales account for about 5.4%, PHEV is expected to become a major component of electric vehicles in 2020, accounting for 4.5% of total car sales. Electric vehicles in 2020 will reach 1.329 million, including HEV, PHEV, EV, respectively 13.5,109.5,9.8 million. In accordance with our model 2010 to-2015 Nian electric cars on the needs of cathode materials, respectively 347,970,1781,3507,5584,9432 t; in which the demand for lithium iron phosphate, respectively 31,165,563,1551,3084, 6123 tons. 2010-2015 pairs of anode materials for electric vehicle demand 162,434,740,1358,2025,3216 tons, respectively, for the needs of the electrolyte, respectively 135,362,616,1131,1687,2680 tons, the demand on the diaphragm 2429,6513,11094,20363,30368,48234 square meters, respectively.
Companies recommendation. Based on the company's core technology, the understanding, we recommend cathode materials technology is expected to win Shanshangufen (600,884), and lithium hexafluorophosphate may create a breakthrough in Jiangsu Guotai (002,091).
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月18日星期四
Hidenobu Shares: the growth in new areas offsets the decline in traditional areas
Hidenobu Shares: the growth in new areas offsets the decline in traditional areas
Event:
Hidenobu shares on the 11th issued a public notice, the company in 2009 operating income of 922 million yuan to achieve net profit of 185 million, compared with the year 2008 were up 58.28 percent, 42.38 percent; the company in 2009 EPS was 0.87 yuan, up 35.94 percent, the company intends to to all shareholders Zhuanzeng 5 shares for every 10 shares.
Investment Highlights:
SVC to stay ahead, new areas of growth offset decline in traditional areas: The company sold a breakthrough in the field of power at the same time begun to enter the grid reactive power compensation, another new field - Series Compensation business (FSC), 2009, the company SVC and the FSC signed in the grid Orders increased by 348.84 percent, is expected to continue to maintain rapid growth. Company's energy-saving variable frequency products by the state policy to promote the rapid growth of orders, in which HVC up 132.96%, MABZ an increase of 22.33%, VFS an increase of 157.67%. The company based on high-frequency products with high margins. Cogeneration as well as the SVC up new areas of growth in investment in traditional application areas slowdown, we expect revenue growth in 2010 will remain 45%.
Residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation system brings business to the company a new growth points: the company in 2008 acquired the power of the letter is being built, into the residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation systems business. Residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation business with a short payback period for customers to significantly reduce the cost advantages, in 2009 the signing of orders for 533 million yuan to achieve revenues of 124 million, in 2009 residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation gross margin was 28.30%. In the countries to further improve the iron and steel, petrochemical and other industries to promote energy-saving emission reduction requirements under the policy for the company's products provide new market opportunities.
R & D investment stability and growth potential to bring new products: The company in 2009 sales revenue into R & D fund accounted for 9.72%. Company's high proportion of R & D investment year after year, the consolidation of an industry technology leader. At present wind power inverter R & D has passed Goldwind 1.5MW wind power converter test platform detection, about to enter the hanging net debugging stage, the company's new products include photovoltaic inverter, fault current limiter, extra-high current solid state switches, Active Power Filter, subway energy storage systems, will further expand the company's downstream industries, to reduce the negative impact of the economic cycle.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Event:
Hidenobu shares on the 11th issued a public notice, the company in 2009 operating income of 922 million yuan to achieve net profit of 185 million, compared with the year 2008 were up 58.28 percent, 42.38 percent; the company in 2009 EPS was 0.87 yuan, up 35.94 percent, the company intends to to all shareholders Zhuanzeng 5 shares for every 10 shares.
Investment Highlights:
SVC to stay ahead, new areas of growth offset decline in traditional areas: The company sold a breakthrough in the field of power at the same time begun to enter the grid reactive power compensation, another new field - Series Compensation business (FSC), 2009, the company SVC and the FSC signed in the grid Orders increased by 348.84 percent, is expected to continue to maintain rapid growth. Company's energy-saving variable frequency products by the state policy to promote the rapid growth of orders, in which HVC up 132.96%, MABZ an increase of 22.33%, VFS an increase of 157.67%. The company based on high-frequency products with high margins. Cogeneration as well as the SVC up new areas of growth in investment in traditional application areas slowdown, we expect revenue growth in 2010 will remain 45%.
Residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation system brings business to the company a new growth points: the company in 2008 acquired the power of the letter is being built, into the residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation systems business. Residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation business with a short payback period for customers to significantly reduce the cost advantages, in 2009 the signing of orders for 533 million yuan to achieve revenues of 124 million, in 2009 residual heat and pressure energy-efficient power generation gross margin was 28.30%. In the countries to further improve the iron and steel, petrochemical and other industries to promote energy-saving emission reduction requirements under the policy for the company's products provide new market opportunities.
R & D investment stability and growth potential to bring new products: The company in 2009 sales revenue into R & D fund accounted for 9.72%. Company's high proportion of R & D investment year after year, the consolidation of an industry technology leader. At present wind power inverter R & D has passed Goldwind 1.5MW wind power converter test platform detection, about to enter the hanging net debugging stage, the company's new products include photovoltaic inverter, fault current limiter, extra-high current solid state switches, Active Power Filter, subway energy storage systems, will further expand the company's downstream industries, to reduce the negative impact of the economic cycle.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Amplifier switching power supply module control circuit
Amplifier switching power supply module control circuit
The control circuit in order to DSPTFMS320F2812 as the core, mainly including the creation of phase-shifted pulse, real-time sampling, power regulation, over-voltage protection, over-current protection, over power protection, filtering algorithms and full-bridge phase-shifting algorithm functions. TMS320F2812 built using 16-way 12-bit high-resolution A / D converter circuit voltage, current real-time sampling. The minimum conversion time per channel is 80 ns, A / D converter circuit of the input signal level range of 0 ~ 3 V. After sampling, through the software programming to adjust driving full-bridge power inverter switch the phase angle shift PWM waveform to achieve regulation, at the same time when the output voltage when the current is too high or under-voltage, DSP call the appropriate subroutine to handle unexpected abnormal event , has protective effects. At the same time through the A / D sampling operation the output voltage and current signals, can accurately measure the output power and adjust the associated event manager registers to regulate the output voltage values.
Controller's dynamic performance and precision regulator performance and regulator design are closely linked. In the amplifier switching power supply design, using incremental PID control algorithm.
Amplifier Switching Power Supply Software Design
Amplifier Switching Power Supply DSP-based software design to achieve the following main functions:
(1) full-bridge phase-shifted pulse generation using TMS320F2812 Event Manager directly to the two compare unit output circuit pulse. From the basic principles of phase-shifting point of view, hysteresis bridge arm between the forearm relative to the super-drive there is a periodic delay, the delay angle namely, phase-shifting angle. Set by the compare unit PWM1/PWM2 output were driving a super-forearm switch VQ1, VQ3, by PWM3/PWM4 output compare unit 2 driver lag arm switch VQ4, VQ2. Each bridge arm, under the driving pulse between the two complement each other and the dead-zone, fixed bridge arm ahead of the driving time in a weekly period 0 given, then as long as the delay in phase-shift angle φ corresponds to the time, the recurrence of the incident can be compared lagging-leg of the driving pulse in order to achieve range of 0 ° ~ 180 ° freedom of movement within the phase.
(2), over-voltage, over current, over-power detection and protection of DSP-based amplifier switching power supply with over-voltage, over current, over power, over-temperature protection. When an exception occurs. System access exception interrupt service subroutine for processing, and timely PWM output latch. In order to prevent malfunction and set to read 20 consecutive abnormal signals was identified as the circuit abnormalities, or not taking action.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
The control circuit in order to DSPTFMS320F2812 as the core, mainly including the creation of phase-shifted pulse, real-time sampling, power regulation, over-voltage protection, over-current protection, over power protection, filtering algorithms and full-bridge phase-shifting algorithm functions. TMS320F2812 built using 16-way 12-bit high-resolution A / D converter circuit voltage, current real-time sampling. The minimum conversion time per channel is 80 ns, A / D converter circuit of the input signal level range of 0 ~ 3 V. After sampling, through the software programming to adjust driving full-bridge power inverter switch the phase angle shift PWM waveform to achieve regulation, at the same time when the output voltage when the current is too high or under-voltage, DSP call the appropriate subroutine to handle unexpected abnormal event , has protective effects. At the same time through the A / D sampling operation the output voltage and current signals, can accurately measure the output power and adjust the associated event manager registers to regulate the output voltage values.
Controller's dynamic performance and precision regulator performance and regulator design are closely linked. In the amplifier switching power supply design, using incremental PID control algorithm.
Amplifier Switching Power Supply Software Design
Amplifier Switching Power Supply DSP-based software design to achieve the following main functions:
(1) full-bridge phase-shifted pulse generation using TMS320F2812 Event Manager directly to the two compare unit output circuit pulse. From the basic principles of phase-shifting point of view, hysteresis bridge arm between the forearm relative to the super-drive there is a periodic delay, the delay angle namely, phase-shifting angle. Set by the compare unit PWM1/PWM2 output were driving a super-forearm switch VQ1, VQ3, by PWM3/PWM4 output compare unit 2 driver lag arm switch VQ4, VQ2. Each bridge arm, under the driving pulse between the two complement each other and the dead-zone, fixed bridge arm ahead of the driving time in a weekly period 0 given, then as long as the delay in phase-shift angle φ corresponds to the time, the recurrence of the incident can be compared lagging-leg of the driving pulse in order to achieve range of 0 ° ~ 180 ° freedom of movement within the phase.
(2), over-voltage, over current, over-power detection and protection of DSP-based amplifier switching power supply with over-voltage, over current, over power, over-temperature protection. When an exception occurs. System access exception interrupt service subroutine for processing, and timely PWM output latch. In order to prevent malfunction and set to read 20 consecutive abnormal signals was identified as the circuit abnormalities, or not taking action.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月17日星期三
Three-rail power supply, no more "spider's web"
Three-rail power supply, no more "spider's web"
August 28, Subway Line 3 to achieve the main substation to the Henggang Depot Dentsu. In the interview, the reporter learned that the Shenzhen Metro Line 3 to achieve innovation in a number of projects for the construction of environmental protection and efficient rail line has done a lot of pioneering work.
The first phase of Metro Line 3 section length of 33 km, of which, about 22 km elevated section, accounting for 67% of length, if, as, like most domestic rail transport, using 1500V DC overhead catenary system, then bound in the vehicle's at the top of the formation of dense a "spider's web", affecting urban landscape. Protecting the urban landscape considerations, Shenzhen Metro Line 3, Line line of three-rail power supply using DC 1500V standard, which is the first time in the country. This is the traditional contact rail 750V DC power supply, compared with many advantages: in vehicles, using DC 1500V power supply, the vehicle's traction motor, power inverter and other electrical equipment, small size, light weight, thereby reducing the As the weight of vehicles to bring the operation of energy consumption, lower operating costs; in electricity supply, the use of DC-1500V voltage rating, the higher the traction voltage can reduce line losses, is conducive to the use of renewable energy, according to estimates, using DC-1500V voltage After the power supply can be energy-saving about 30%. In addition, a DC-1500V voltage level delegation flow program, the first phase of Metro Line 3, paragraph 14 only to set the traction substation (including the depot a), if granted by DC 750V voltage level flow of the program, it would take to build traction substation 24 (including depot 1, interval 3), alone, on a conservation investment of about 150 million yuan.
In addition, to energy-saving considerations, Metro Line 3 of the same station, depot, the control center of the UPS power supply in all core systems integration, considering the room size and capacity, unified management, monitoring, operation and maintenance and repair, integrated collectively referred to as UPS backup power supply room, and set in close proximity to the location near the main electricity load. The manner consistent with the trend of system integration, in ensuring the reliability and maintainability of the systems under the premise of energy-saving environmental protection. The main advantage is reflected in: reducing equipment space, reduce the size of civil engineering; to achieve centralized management of the UPS power supply maintenance and monitoring, reducing the total capacity of the UPS power supply; convenient for operational management and maintenance; reduce the number of spare parts, saving the use, maintenance costs. Promotion and application of this technology to fill the domestic blank in this technology is conducive to industry and industrial development, with very good technical, economic and social benefits.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
August 28, Subway Line 3 to achieve the main substation to the Henggang Depot Dentsu. In the interview, the reporter learned that the Shenzhen Metro Line 3 to achieve innovation in a number of projects for the construction of environmental protection and efficient rail line has done a lot of pioneering work.
The first phase of Metro Line 3 section length of 33 km, of which, about 22 km elevated section, accounting for 67% of length, if, as, like most domestic rail transport, using 1500V DC overhead catenary system, then bound in the vehicle's at the top of the formation of dense a "spider's web", affecting urban landscape. Protecting the urban landscape considerations, Shenzhen Metro Line 3, Line line of three-rail power supply using DC 1500V standard, which is the first time in the country. This is the traditional contact rail 750V DC power supply, compared with many advantages: in vehicles, using DC 1500V power supply, the vehicle's traction motor, power inverter and other electrical equipment, small size, light weight, thereby reducing the As the weight of vehicles to bring the operation of energy consumption, lower operating costs; in electricity supply, the use of DC-1500V voltage rating, the higher the traction voltage can reduce line losses, is conducive to the use of renewable energy, according to estimates, using DC-1500V voltage After the power supply can be energy-saving about 30%. In addition, a DC-1500V voltage level delegation flow program, the first phase of Metro Line 3, paragraph 14 only to set the traction substation (including the depot a), if granted by DC 750V voltage level flow of the program, it would take to build traction substation 24 (including depot 1, interval 3), alone, on a conservation investment of about 150 million yuan.
In addition, to energy-saving considerations, Metro Line 3 of the same station, depot, the control center of the UPS power supply in all core systems integration, considering the room size and capacity, unified management, monitoring, operation and maintenance and repair, integrated collectively referred to as UPS backup power supply room, and set in close proximity to the location near the main electricity load. The manner consistent with the trend of system integration, in ensuring the reliability and maintainability of the systems under the premise of energy-saving environmental protection. The main advantage is reflected in: reducing equipment space, reduce the size of civil engineering; to achieve centralized management of the UPS power supply maintenance and monitoring, reducing the total capacity of the UPS power supply; convenient for operational management and maintenance; reduce the number of spare parts, saving the use, maintenance costs. Promotion and application of this technology to fill the domestic blank in this technology is conducive to industry and industrial development, with very good technical, economic and social benefits.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
How to select the appropriate IGBT for circuit design
How to select the appropriate IGBT for circuit design
What is IGBT? It works What is this? Why do we have to choose IGBT? What are its advantages? A series of questions to throw, in the March 5 15th Annual International IC-China Conference & Exhibition (IIC-China2010), the International Rectifier Corporation (InternationalRectifier, referred to as IR) the best explanation given by the company.
IGBT (InsulatedGateBipolarTransistor), insulated gate-type power tube is determined by BJT (bipolar transistor) and MOS (insulated-gate type FET) a composite full-controlled type voltage-driven power electronic devices. Applied to AC motor, power inverter, switching power supplies, lighting circuits, traction drive and other fields.
IGBT is a strong current, high-pressure applications and fast terminal equipment with the natural evolution of the vertical power MOSFET. As the realization of a high breakdown voltage BVDSS the need for a source-drain channel, and this channel does have a high resistivity, resulting in power MOSFET with RDS (on) the characteristics of a high value, IGBT power MOSFET to eliminate the existing of these The main disadvantage.
And, IGBT applications is very extensive, not only the driver can be used for home appliances such as washing machines, air-conditioning systems, etc.; industrial motor drive; induction heating; sine wave inverter; and in lighting, such as high-voltage gas discharge lamp applications is also very appropriate.
IR Asia, Pan Dawei, vice president of marketing, said: "We have been in order to save the global energy responsibility, as a leader in power management innovation, we hope that China and engineers to share our energy-efficient power management solutions, including GaN technology platform. "
In addition, IR in this exhibition will showcase their latest products and platforms, including GaN power devices platform GaNpowIR. In addition, will showcase the latest release of the X-Phase and DirectFETMOSFET chipsets, SupIRBuck family of integrated voltage regulators and for the AC-DC power supply SmartRectifierIC, as well as for electrical iMOTION integrated design platform. Other display products include applications for high-reliability DC-DC converters and modules, as well as for the automotive, lighting, D audio benchmarks various fields such as MOSFET, IGBT and high-voltage IC.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
What is IGBT? It works What is this? Why do we have to choose IGBT? What are its advantages? A series of questions to throw, in the March 5 15th Annual International IC-China Conference & Exhibition (IIC-China2010), the International Rectifier Corporation (InternationalRectifier, referred to as IR) the best explanation given by the company.
IGBT (InsulatedGateBipolarTransistor), insulated gate-type power tube is determined by BJT (bipolar transistor) and MOS (insulated-gate type FET) a composite full-controlled type voltage-driven power electronic devices. Applied to AC motor, power inverter, switching power supplies, lighting circuits, traction drive and other fields.
IGBT is a strong current, high-pressure applications and fast terminal equipment with the natural evolution of the vertical power MOSFET. As the realization of a high breakdown voltage BVDSS the need for a source-drain channel, and this channel does have a high resistivity, resulting in power MOSFET with RDS (on) the characteristics of a high value, IGBT power MOSFET to eliminate the existing of these The main disadvantage.
And, IGBT applications is very extensive, not only the driver can be used for home appliances such as washing machines, air-conditioning systems, etc.; industrial motor drive; induction heating; sine wave inverter; and in lighting, such as high-voltage gas discharge lamp applications is also very appropriate.
IR Asia, Pan Dawei, vice president of marketing, said: "We have been in order to save the global energy responsibility, as a leader in power management innovation, we hope that China and engineers to share our energy-efficient power management solutions, including GaN technology platform. "
In addition, IR in this exhibition will showcase their latest products and platforms, including GaN power devices platform GaNpowIR. In addition, will showcase the latest release of the X-Phase and DirectFETMOSFET chipsets, SupIRBuck family of integrated voltage regulators and for the AC-DC power supply SmartRectifierIC, as well as for electrical iMOTION integrated design platform. Other display products include applications for high-reliability DC-DC converters and modules, as well as for the automotive, lighting, D audio benchmarks various fields such as MOSFET, IGBT and high-voltage IC.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月16日星期二
Internal sensor market development and in various industrial applications
Internal sensor market development and in various industrial applications
Internal sensor market has yet to be developed, particularly in high-current sensor technology, lagging far behind international standards. However, as economic development, whether it is rail transport, or wind power and other new energy industries will spur demand for the development of sensor technology more and more sensors manufacturers sights on rail transport, new energy and other industries.
The wind industry to promote the development of traditional sensor technology
From the early days of human development, they put a wind power as an energy source to use, with the scientific and technological development, people have begun to use wind power more accurately.
Germany, Schleswig - Holstein is located between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, even in the case of small wind, Rexroth produced by wind turbines can still run. If the wind changes from northwest to north 8 degrees, wind measurement instrument will be the sensor to the signal transmission to the control system to control the yaw drive to the cabin positioned to the right place. Wind measurement instrument including wind speed, wind direction sensors and sensors, along with the development of wind power industry to develop. In general, wind speed sensor should meet the measurement range of 0 ~ 60 m / s, the error range of 0.5 m / s within the working environment temperature should meet the local temperature conditions. The wind sensor should meet the measurement range of 0 ~ 360 degrees, an accuracy of 2.5 degrees within the working environment temperature should meet the local temperature conditions.
Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Li Jianlin new energy group, "said the wind industry for measuring high voltage, large current sensors, vibration sensors, temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure sensors will be to promote product applications." which, because of current sensors is the wind turbine converters are essential components in the wind power industry, the application is particularly important. In some power inverter, the small and PCB installed with a current sensor is widely used. These sensors are part of the converter closed-loop control can ensure that the inverter quick response.
When the inverter and generator at the same time the use of intelligent power control, you can ensure that after the wind turbines to start a very wide range of wind speeds within the network to provide continuous power, until the wind turbines in the ceiling when you shut down until. In order to drive the best location, each converter in continuous current sensor will measure the quality of the circuit controller, and the response time and ultimately by the current sensor to determine the design and performance. This is a small current rating of the closed-loop current sensors are widely used in wind power industry causes. In addition to excellent linearity and accuracy, the closed-loop current sensor itself with a high bandwidth and fast response time and so on.
Li Jianlin pointed out that the domestic market has yet to be current sensor development, especially high-current sensor technology, lagging far behind international standards. As the domestic high-current sensor technology is relatively immature, the domestic wind power machine manufacturers in the procurement of high-current sensor, most would choose to imported products, due to the price of imported products is often higher than the price of domestic products, which to some extent, an increase the production cost pressure. In the small current sensor technology, the domestic technological level and international level there is not much difference.
As domestic wind power more than in "Three North" (north, northeast, northwest), and coastal areas, climate is relatively poor, therefore wind turbine performance requirements of the sensor higher, especially for heating function, earthquake resistance, anti - high-frequency electromagnetic interference, anti-reverse polarity (connect), and wind direction indicators such as ability to shock and vibration requirements of the sensor is far higher than the general performance indicators, while the tidal power station unit also requires sensors have good anti-corrosion water .
Li Jianlin told reporters, sensor applications in wind power industry, wind power is not confined to industry, on China's power industry, the use of sensors so many occasions. In the power plant, power stations mainly use pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, mainly used in the field of power transmission voltage sensors, current sensors. They generally fall into technical level is not high but require a higher reliability and stability of common sensors, and require a higher level of technology of light sensors are now applied in the power sector is also less.
As the power plant, power plants are generally the sensor unit equipment vendors to choose from, so a relatively large internal sensor applications. Transmission field is different, the relative power generation, because the sensor is relatively small one-time investment, all the regional power grid when you select the brand is not very sensitive to price, but also to use some relatively new technology that can improve power transmission, and so the foreign brands of sensors applications are more common. "
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Internal sensor market has yet to be developed, particularly in high-current sensor technology, lagging far behind international standards. However, as economic development, whether it is rail transport, or wind power and other new energy industries will spur demand for the development of sensor technology more and more sensors manufacturers sights on rail transport, new energy and other industries.
The wind industry to promote the development of traditional sensor technology
From the early days of human development, they put a wind power as an energy source to use, with the scientific and technological development, people have begun to use wind power more accurately.
Germany, Schleswig - Holstein is located between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea, even in the case of small wind, Rexroth produced by wind turbines can still run. If the wind changes from northwest to north 8 degrees, wind measurement instrument will be the sensor to the signal transmission to the control system to control the yaw drive to the cabin positioned to the right place. Wind measurement instrument including wind speed, wind direction sensors and sensors, along with the development of wind power industry to develop. In general, wind speed sensor should meet the measurement range of 0 ~ 60 m / s, the error range of 0.5 m / s within the working environment temperature should meet the local temperature conditions. The wind sensor should meet the measurement range of 0 ~ 360 degrees, an accuracy of 2.5 degrees within the working environment temperature should meet the local temperature conditions.
Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences researcher Li Jianlin new energy group, "said the wind industry for measuring high voltage, large current sensors, vibration sensors, temperature, humidity, wind, and pressure sensors will be to promote product applications." which, because of current sensors is the wind turbine converters are essential components in the wind power industry, the application is particularly important. In some power inverter, the small and PCB installed with a current sensor is widely used. These sensors are part of the converter closed-loop control can ensure that the inverter quick response.
When the inverter and generator at the same time the use of intelligent power control, you can ensure that after the wind turbines to start a very wide range of wind speeds within the network to provide continuous power, until the wind turbines in the ceiling when you shut down until. In order to drive the best location, each converter in continuous current sensor will measure the quality of the circuit controller, and the response time and ultimately by the current sensor to determine the design and performance. This is a small current rating of the closed-loop current sensors are widely used in wind power industry causes. In addition to excellent linearity and accuracy, the closed-loop current sensor itself with a high bandwidth and fast response time and so on.
Li Jianlin pointed out that the domestic market has yet to be current sensor development, especially high-current sensor technology, lagging far behind international standards. As the domestic high-current sensor technology is relatively immature, the domestic wind power machine manufacturers in the procurement of high-current sensor, most would choose to imported products, due to the price of imported products is often higher than the price of domestic products, which to some extent, an increase the production cost pressure. In the small current sensor technology, the domestic technological level and international level there is not much difference.
As domestic wind power more than in "Three North" (north, northeast, northwest), and coastal areas, climate is relatively poor, therefore wind turbine performance requirements of the sensor higher, especially for heating function, earthquake resistance, anti - high-frequency electromagnetic interference, anti-reverse polarity (connect), and wind direction indicators such as ability to shock and vibration requirements of the sensor is far higher than the general performance indicators, while the tidal power station unit also requires sensors have good anti-corrosion water .
Li Jianlin told reporters, sensor applications in wind power industry, wind power is not confined to industry, on China's power industry, the use of sensors so many occasions. In the power plant, power stations mainly use pressure sensors, temperature sensors, flow sensors, mainly used in the field of power transmission voltage sensors, current sensors. They generally fall into technical level is not high but require a higher reliability and stability of common sensors, and require a higher level of technology of light sensors are now applied in the power sector is also less.
As the power plant, power plants are generally the sensor unit equipment vendors to choose from, so a relatively large internal sensor applications. Transmission field is different, the relative power generation, because the sensor is relatively small one-time investment, all the regional power grid when you select the brand is not very sensitive to price, but also to use some relatively new technology that can improve power transmission, and so the foreign brands of sensors applications are more common. "
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Metro led the development of new sensor technology
Metro led the development of new sensor technology
With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, in a modern advanced city subway, light rail vehicles, traction control system and auxiliary power supply system, are used in the way VVVF VVVF power inverter and the CVCF auxiliary power inverter. And Route AC - Straight - AC drive locomotive, as current sensors and voltage sensors are also used in the above-mentioned system, a large number of DC and AC loop, in order to achieve closed-loop control of the whole system.
However, the urban rail traffic on sensor technology to promote the biggest lies in wireless sensor network technology, infrared sensor technology, force sensors, gas sensors, speed sensors and photoelectric sensors and other new sensors, rather than current sensors and voltage sensors and other traditional sensor field. China Railway Electrification Survey Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., deputy chief engineer, senior engineer and chief of international co-operation project management expert Wang pointed out that "in the metro area, with the ventilation and air conditioning-related, such as temperature and humidity and CO2 sensors, and prevent terrorism on a number of toxic gases sensors have a high demand and technological content.
The field of high-speed EMUs on the inside and closed the amount of oxygen monitoring and supply, earthquakes, speed monitoring, Hotbox testing, joints loose monitoring of foreign bodies and other related sensors to monitor the demand is very high, these technologies are still evolving and perfected. The anti-theft robbed class sensors, such as broken glass, high-pressure chamber, incorrect access, and cable raiding sensors are very important. "Wang co-operation further pointed out that these sensors and systems equipment and personal security are closely related.
In urban rail transit vehicles, air-conditioning systems often use sensors and electronic temperature control thermostat compatible. Multi-use electronic thermostat regulator, sensors for temperature detection, commonly used for thermocouple or thermistor sensors. In the guest room, because of people's breath, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will increase, when up to a certain concentration, can affect human health, the belongings of passengers in the car produced harmful gases also make the air inside the vehicle become polluted, requiring the world a fresh air to the car to a certain degree of replacement of the air, so the precise detection of the gas sensor becomes particularly important.
Since January 2005 the United States Washington, DC, the opening of a two subway stations to detect the chemical gas sensors began, more and more subway station began using sensing detection technology to ensure the safe operation of rail transportation. 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the country's many cities are set rail each site should be mandatory placement of explosives and toxic and hazardous hazardous chemicals detection sensors. And because wireless sensor network includes detectable, including earthquakes, electromagnetic, temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil composition, moving objects, the size, speed and direction, and many other types of sensors, so as to ensure rail safety system The main sensor technology.
Wireless sensor networks are hot spots of contemporary science and technology is one of the difficulties, the wireless sensor network consists of randomly laid a large number of multi-species sensor nodes that can expedite the formation of adaptive network topology structure, distributed dynamic information for collaborative sensing and processing, the formation of incomplete, limited self-government integrated information system, remote human nerve endings. Shanghai Micro-system in wireless sensor networks, MEMS sensors, chips, nodes, networks, co-processing, etc. overcome a number of key technologies and prototype, in random laid networking, a variety of sub-cluster networking, network system architecture, a variety of communication system, the virtual MIMO and achieved remarkable progress. In the sensor network, blind source separation, multi-target collaboration to identify, track the location of some of the key technology areas such as the world's advanced level, and for the major national needs, to be a certain amount of important applications.
Sensors in ensuring safety on the track Another important application is the PSD, in the past there have been many times the passenger caught in the door between the PSD and train accidents, and now a growing number of rail transit station is being installed or plan to install the infrared sensors or optical sensors, to prevent passengers become "sandwiched."
State rail transit construction investment will further promote the vigorous development of sensor market, in addition to the above-mentioned sensors, also includes a machine vision sensors, as the rail construction, the highest underground construction equipment, shield machine sensors.
Sensor market in the further development, a growing number of sensor manufacturers to join the market competition in the past. As sensors market demand, manufacturers can keep traction, and continuously expand their business blue ocean, to improve their technological capabilities, will become a breakthrough for some time to develop the key.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
With the rapid development of semiconductor technology, in a modern advanced city subway, light rail vehicles, traction control system and auxiliary power supply system, are used in the way VVVF VVVF power inverter and the CVCF auxiliary power inverter. And Route AC - Straight - AC drive locomotive, as current sensors and voltage sensors are also used in the above-mentioned system, a large number of DC and AC loop, in order to achieve closed-loop control of the whole system.
However, the urban rail traffic on sensor technology to promote the biggest lies in wireless sensor network technology, infrared sensor technology, force sensors, gas sensors, speed sensors and photoelectric sensors and other new sensors, rather than current sensors and voltage sensors and other traditional sensor field. China Railway Electrification Survey Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd., deputy chief engineer, senior engineer and chief of international co-operation project management expert Wang pointed out that "in the metro area, with the ventilation and air conditioning-related, such as temperature and humidity and CO2 sensors, and prevent terrorism on a number of toxic gases sensors have a high demand and technological content.
The field of high-speed EMUs on the inside and closed the amount of oxygen monitoring and supply, earthquakes, speed monitoring, Hotbox testing, joints loose monitoring of foreign bodies and other related sensors to monitor the demand is very high, these technologies are still evolving and perfected. The anti-theft robbed class sensors, such as broken glass, high-pressure chamber, incorrect access, and cable raiding sensors are very important. "Wang co-operation further pointed out that these sensors and systems equipment and personal security are closely related.
In urban rail transit vehicles, air-conditioning systems often use sensors and electronic temperature control thermostat compatible. Multi-use electronic thermostat regulator, sensors for temperature detection, commonly used for thermocouple or thermistor sensors. In the guest room, because of people's breath, carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will increase, when up to a certain concentration, can affect human health, the belongings of passengers in the car produced harmful gases also make the air inside the vehicle become polluted, requiring the world a fresh air to the car to a certain degree of replacement of the air, so the precise detection of the gas sensor becomes particularly important.
Since January 2005 the United States Washington, DC, the opening of a two subway stations to detect the chemical gas sensors began, more and more subway station began using sensing detection technology to ensure the safe operation of rail transportation. 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the country's many cities are set rail each site should be mandatory placement of explosives and toxic and hazardous hazardous chemicals detection sensors. And because wireless sensor network includes detectable, including earthquakes, electromagnetic, temperature, humidity, noise, light intensity, pressure, soil composition, moving objects, the size, speed and direction, and many other types of sensors, so as to ensure rail safety system The main sensor technology.
Wireless sensor networks are hot spots of contemporary science and technology is one of the difficulties, the wireless sensor network consists of randomly laid a large number of multi-species sensor nodes that can expedite the formation of adaptive network topology structure, distributed dynamic information for collaborative sensing and processing, the formation of incomplete, limited self-government integrated information system, remote human nerve endings. Shanghai Micro-system in wireless sensor networks, MEMS sensors, chips, nodes, networks, co-processing, etc. overcome a number of key technologies and prototype, in random laid networking, a variety of sub-cluster networking, network system architecture, a variety of communication system, the virtual MIMO and achieved remarkable progress. In the sensor network, blind source separation, multi-target collaboration to identify, track the location of some of the key technology areas such as the world's advanced level, and for the major national needs, to be a certain amount of important applications.
Sensors in ensuring safety on the track Another important application is the PSD, in the past there have been many times the passenger caught in the door between the PSD and train accidents, and now a growing number of rail transit station is being installed or plan to install the infrared sensors or optical sensors, to prevent passengers become "sandwiched."
State rail transit construction investment will further promote the vigorous development of sensor market, in addition to the above-mentioned sensors, also includes a machine vision sensors, as the rail construction, the highest underground construction equipment, shield machine sensors.
Sensor market in the further development, a growing number of sensor manufacturers to join the market competition in the past. As sensors market demand, manufacturers can keep traction, and continuously expand their business blue ocean, to improve their technological capabilities, will become a breakthrough for some time to develop the key.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月15日星期一
Four multi-billion dollar industry clusters will become the bright spot in Nanjing
Four multi-billion dollar industry clusters will become the bright spot in Nanjing
Last year, Nanjing through research, introduced with suburban characteristics, there are 14 municipal development potential of the industry cluster focused on cultivating and industrial base, the same year, July 10, Nanjing counties SME Bureau issued a "Circular on the issuance of Nanjing focus on cultivating the list of SME industrial clusters notice ", these initiatives are viewed as the determination of Nanjing, the development of industrial clusters. However, these still only a "appetizer", the greater the planning has been put on the table - the future, Nanjing will focus 100 billion to build four new industrial clusters.
100 billion to build four new industrial clusters
Industrial cluster is in a certain space within the same industry, the high concentration, which will help to reduce the manufacturing cost of supporting businesses to improve economies of scale and scope of the economic benefits, improve enterprise competitiveness. After years of development and accumulation, Nanjing 100 billion industry clusters to create the time had come. Mayor Ji Jianye, Nanjing, introduced explicitly put forward the transformation of industry in Nanjing, "4 +8 +8" mode, that is, to mention four pillar industries upgraded, 8 large cultivate new industries grow, adjust and optimize the eight major modern service industry. Among them, focus on fostering the growth of the eight largest emerging photovoltaic industry mainly refers to wind power equipment industry, electric power automation and smart grid industry, communications industry, energy saving and environmental protection industry will be combined into four 100 billion of industrial clusters, in addition to biomedical industry, etc. 4 500-billion yuan of industrial clusters, in 2012 sales revenue of new industries to achieve 386 billion yuan. At present, Nanjing arrangements 2 billion a year to promote new industry development funds, which focus on major projects to support emerging industries and nurture key enterprises.
Nanjing to build four 100 billion more obvious advantage of emerging industry clusters. Nanjing is committed to doing so as a refined superior four big advantage of emerging entrepreneurs, Nanjing high-precision transmission equipment manufacturing group in recent years through technological innovation and a high starting point input, to create a group of globally competitive products, become wind power equipment manufacturing leader in 2008, sales revenue 4.439 billion yuan. This year, the group in new product areas to achieve maximum power of 2000 kilowatts of wind power gear box mass production, and now is working with China's leading wind power machine manufacturers to jointly develop 3000 kilowatts of wind power gear box.
Smart Grid and the Nanjing Electric Power Automation industry is committed to build one of the multi-billion industry cluster. As a leader in this area of Nanjing NARI Group, currently has a distribution automation, relay protection, and intelligent primary equipment and other six major industrial pattern plate, in the first three quarters of revenues 4.867 billion yuan. Group Leader Xiao Shijie, at present the Group is stepping up its nation-building smart grid research and development center aims to build industrial scale by 2012, the initial 300 billion high-tech enterprise power. And in accordance with the planning of Nanjing, in 2012 the city's smart grid and electric power automation system sales revenue will reach 60 billion yuan.
Create a powerhouse industrial clusters around the Jiangning
Speaking of industrial clusters to create, we must mention Jiangning District, because there will be four 100 billion a major foothold in emerging industry clusters. Late last year, State Grid EPRI Jiangning Development Zone in the smart grid project fully operational, the new project covers an area of 1000 mu of land, Nanjing as well as the nation's first smart grid a professional R & D and production base, is currently the largest domestic investment, smart grid scientific research and industrial base, and in the Airport Industrial Park, as well as the relevant supporting industrial base.
Jiangning Development Zone communications industry agglomeration effects have gradually emerged, output size is constantly growing, industry, island, the industrial chain is also speed up the formation. "Jiangning Development Zone in the communications industry, has formed Siemens, Ericsson, TPO, Compal Communications, Flextronics, Citizen, East Grand communications industry cluster represented." Relevant persons, according to zone introduced Mobile Zone has reached the current capacity of 120 million, accounting for 8% of global capacity. 2007 electronics and information industry realized a sales income of 40.2 billion, 100 billion yuan this year, will strive to super.
It is understood that Nanjing PV industry chain now has a production capacity of 300MW photovoltaic cells, the entire battery industry chain has shown rapid development of leading enterprises in film production, upstream and downstream sections Rod rapid construction of the battery components of the project, upstream and downstream links together to promote a good situation. Among them, the Central PV base project last year, settled in it was especially noticeable in Jiangning Development Zone, Central PV will spend 400 million U.S. dollars building the largest collection of domestic R & D, office, manufacturing, display, service, scientific and educational functions integrated photovoltaic Industrial Park, which also cluster in Nanjing to build photovoltaic industry has added a lot of confidence. In addition, at present, the city engaged in photovoltaic industry enterprises are mainly in the production of solar cells, China Sunergy and film production and supporting photovoltaic power inverter, controller, Nanjing Guanya companies, and has a concentrating photovoltaic power generation technology Sinoma technology companies, in addition, there are a number of Mao Qun relevant supporting science and technology companies invest in one after another in Nanjing, Jiangning District has initially become the city's concentrated photovoltaic industry.
Specialization is a key industry clusters
"Nanjing's many unique advantages as a high-tech, modern services, modern information and capital-intensive type of a number of industries and traditional industries provide a unique development conditions and environment. However, the existence and the unique advantages of Nanjing, Nanjing, there are still a great development of industrial clusters the distance, but also spends a great deal of strength. "the expert said, Nanjing need to cultivate innovative industrial clusters on the one hand, and the other on the one hand the transformation of traditional industrial clusters, to guide the professional division of labor, improve the industrial chain, focusing on brand effectiveness, the implementation of self - innovation, thereby promoting the development of industrial clusters.
The expert said that specialization is the key to the development of industrial clustering, complete industrial chain of industrial cluster development of the arteries, he suggested that the Nanjing government departments concerned should actively guide companies by product, the downstream vertical specialization, extend the industrial chain, improve industrial concentration, to promote production efficiency, creating a competitive advantage, actively promoting the horizontal division of labor, led a number of supporting projects to enhance the comprehensive supporting capability, expanding space for the development of industrial clusters, clusters of traditional industries from the quantity and scale to the brand and economic returns in order to adapt to market competition, regional competition.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Last year, Nanjing through research, introduced with suburban characteristics, there are 14 municipal development potential of the industry cluster focused on cultivating and industrial base, the same year, July 10, Nanjing counties SME Bureau issued a "Circular on the issuance of Nanjing focus on cultivating the list of SME industrial clusters notice ", these initiatives are viewed as the determination of Nanjing, the development of industrial clusters. However, these still only a "appetizer", the greater the planning has been put on the table - the future, Nanjing will focus 100 billion to build four new industrial clusters.
100 billion to build four new industrial clusters
Industrial cluster is in a certain space within the same industry, the high concentration, which will help to reduce the manufacturing cost of supporting businesses to improve economies of scale and scope of the economic benefits, improve enterprise competitiveness. After years of development and accumulation, Nanjing 100 billion industry clusters to create the time had come. Mayor Ji Jianye, Nanjing, introduced explicitly put forward the transformation of industry in Nanjing, "4 +8 +8" mode, that is, to mention four pillar industries upgraded, 8 large cultivate new industries grow, adjust and optimize the eight major modern service industry. Among them, focus on fostering the growth of the eight largest emerging photovoltaic industry mainly refers to wind power equipment industry, electric power automation and smart grid industry, communications industry, energy saving and environmental protection industry will be combined into four 100 billion of industrial clusters, in addition to biomedical industry, etc. 4 500-billion yuan of industrial clusters, in 2012 sales revenue of new industries to achieve 386 billion yuan. At present, Nanjing arrangements 2 billion a year to promote new industry development funds, which focus on major projects to support emerging industries and nurture key enterprises.
Nanjing to build four 100 billion more obvious advantage of emerging industry clusters. Nanjing is committed to doing so as a refined superior four big advantage of emerging entrepreneurs, Nanjing high-precision transmission equipment manufacturing group in recent years through technological innovation and a high starting point input, to create a group of globally competitive products, become wind power equipment manufacturing leader in 2008, sales revenue 4.439 billion yuan. This year, the group in new product areas to achieve maximum power of 2000 kilowatts of wind power gear box mass production, and now is working with China's leading wind power machine manufacturers to jointly develop 3000 kilowatts of wind power gear box.
Smart Grid and the Nanjing Electric Power Automation industry is committed to build one of the multi-billion industry cluster. As a leader in this area of Nanjing NARI Group, currently has a distribution automation, relay protection, and intelligent primary equipment and other six major industrial pattern plate, in the first three quarters of revenues 4.867 billion yuan. Group Leader Xiao Shijie, at present the Group is stepping up its nation-building smart grid research and development center aims to build industrial scale by 2012, the initial 300 billion high-tech enterprise power. And in accordance with the planning of Nanjing, in 2012 the city's smart grid and electric power automation system sales revenue will reach 60 billion yuan.
Create a powerhouse industrial clusters around the Jiangning
Speaking of industrial clusters to create, we must mention Jiangning District, because there will be four 100 billion a major foothold in emerging industry clusters. Late last year, State Grid EPRI Jiangning Development Zone in the smart grid project fully operational, the new project covers an area of 1000 mu of land, Nanjing as well as the nation's first smart grid a professional R & D and production base, is currently the largest domestic investment, smart grid scientific research and industrial base, and in the Airport Industrial Park, as well as the relevant supporting industrial base.
Jiangning Development Zone communications industry agglomeration effects have gradually emerged, output size is constantly growing, industry, island, the industrial chain is also speed up the formation. "Jiangning Development Zone in the communications industry, has formed Siemens, Ericsson, TPO, Compal Communications, Flextronics, Citizen, East Grand communications industry cluster represented." Relevant persons, according to zone introduced Mobile Zone has reached the current capacity of 120 million, accounting for 8% of global capacity. 2007 electronics and information industry realized a sales income of 40.2 billion, 100 billion yuan this year, will strive to super.
It is understood that Nanjing PV industry chain now has a production capacity of 300MW photovoltaic cells, the entire battery industry chain has shown rapid development of leading enterprises in film production, upstream and downstream sections Rod rapid construction of the battery components of the project, upstream and downstream links together to promote a good situation. Among them, the Central PV base project last year, settled in it was especially noticeable in Jiangning Development Zone, Central PV will spend 400 million U.S. dollars building the largest collection of domestic R & D, office, manufacturing, display, service, scientific and educational functions integrated photovoltaic Industrial Park, which also cluster in Nanjing to build photovoltaic industry has added a lot of confidence. In addition, at present, the city engaged in photovoltaic industry enterprises are mainly in the production of solar cells, China Sunergy and film production and supporting photovoltaic power inverter, controller, Nanjing Guanya companies, and has a concentrating photovoltaic power generation technology Sinoma technology companies, in addition, there are a number of Mao Qun relevant supporting science and technology companies invest in one after another in Nanjing, Jiangning District has initially become the city's concentrated photovoltaic industry.
Specialization is a key industry clusters
"Nanjing's many unique advantages as a high-tech, modern services, modern information and capital-intensive type of a number of industries and traditional industries provide a unique development conditions and environment. However, the existence and the unique advantages of Nanjing, Nanjing, there are still a great development of industrial clusters the distance, but also spends a great deal of strength. "the expert said, Nanjing need to cultivate innovative industrial clusters on the one hand, and the other on the one hand the transformation of traditional industrial clusters, to guide the professional division of labor, improve the industrial chain, focusing on brand effectiveness, the implementation of self - innovation, thereby promoting the development of industrial clusters.
The expert said that specialization is the key to the development of industrial clustering, complete industrial chain of industrial cluster development of the arteries, he suggested that the Nanjing government departments concerned should actively guide companies by product, the downstream vertical specialization, extend the industrial chain, improve industrial concentration, to promote production efficiency, creating a competitive advantage, actively promoting the horizontal division of labor, led a number of supporting projects to enhance the comprehensive supporting capability, expanding space for the development of industrial clusters, clusters of traditional industries from the quantity and scale to the brand and economic returns in order to adapt to market competition, regional competition.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Direct investment in PV will be over 10 billion in High-tech Industrial Park
Direct investment in PV will be over 10 billion in High-tech Industrial Park
Yesterday, from the planning and construction of the Suzhou New District Hi-Tech Industrial Park was formally approved by the municipal government photovoltaic approved, will directly invest more than billions of dollars focused on creating an independent innovation capability, product supply chain integrity, logistics and distribution capabilities and efficient photovoltaic park. This marks the Suzhou in the development of photovoltaic industry, the new energy industry will achieve a new leap forward.
Suzhou Industrial Park in Suzhou High-tech photovoltaic science and technology in western city, the planning area of 3,000 acres, the park will introduce photovoltaic industry leading enterprises as the core of the cell chip and components manufacturers, silicon manufacturers, photovoltaic application technologies Research Institute, third-party testing center, power inverters and power storage batteries, super capacitors and other accessory products manufacturing enterprises and related photovoltaic equipment manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing enterprises photovoltaic testing, system integration business, as well as logistics and distribution centers. Industrial Park Planning an annual output of polycrystalline silicon films with 5GW battery 5GW films and components. After the completion of the project will become "industrial supporting capacity of the strongest, the longest chain, technical quality, most reliable and lowest operating costs, the most competitive" research and development of solar energy power plant production logistics base. Photovoltaic industry is the high-tech zone "2 +3" Industry Development Plan is an important component. At present the district already has a large number of enterprises and their associated supporting solar photovoltaic companies. Photovoltaic Industry Park, Suzhou Hi-tech building, will be available photovoltaic industry resources optimization and integration, industry-leading advantages, speed up the formation of new energy 100 billion industry cluster.
It is learned how to transformation and upgrading, the high-tech zones in particular this year, raised the need to set the power of the whole region, in investment, technology, human resources, capital and so on to the key projects in order to tilt; will vigorously to build a good foundation and development of new energy industry, the environment, to promote solar, wind and other clean energy industry chain, bigger and stronger. In last year's high-tech zone 33 leading talent project, the New Energy and Industrial projects will account for 5. In addition to photovoltaic industry, the area is also actively promote the special spectrum of wind energy, the United States En superconducting wind industry chain represented by the formation of the future high-tech zones will also become the largest wind turbine manufacturing bases.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Yesterday, from the planning and construction of the Suzhou New District Hi-Tech Industrial Park was formally approved by the municipal government photovoltaic approved, will directly invest more than billions of dollars focused on creating an independent innovation capability, product supply chain integrity, logistics and distribution capabilities and efficient photovoltaic park. This marks the Suzhou in the development of photovoltaic industry, the new energy industry will achieve a new leap forward.
Suzhou Industrial Park in Suzhou High-tech photovoltaic science and technology in western city, the planning area of 3,000 acres, the park will introduce photovoltaic industry leading enterprises as the core of the cell chip and components manufacturers, silicon manufacturers, photovoltaic application technologies Research Institute, third-party testing center, power inverters and power storage batteries, super capacitors and other accessory products manufacturing enterprises and related photovoltaic equipment manufacturing enterprises, manufacturing enterprises photovoltaic testing, system integration business, as well as logistics and distribution centers. Industrial Park Planning an annual output of polycrystalline silicon films with 5GW battery 5GW films and components. After the completion of the project will become "industrial supporting capacity of the strongest, the longest chain, technical quality, most reliable and lowest operating costs, the most competitive" research and development of solar energy power plant production logistics base. Photovoltaic industry is the high-tech zone "2 +3" Industry Development Plan is an important component. At present the district already has a large number of enterprises and their associated supporting solar photovoltaic companies. Photovoltaic Industry Park, Suzhou Hi-tech building, will be available photovoltaic industry resources optimization and integration, industry-leading advantages, speed up the formation of new energy 100 billion industry cluster.
It is learned how to transformation and upgrading, the high-tech zones in particular this year, raised the need to set the power of the whole region, in investment, technology, human resources, capital and so on to the key projects in order to tilt; will vigorously to build a good foundation and development of new energy industry, the environment, to promote solar, wind and other clean energy industry chain, bigger and stronger. In last year's high-tech zone 33 leading talent project, the New Energy and Industrial projects will account for 5. In addition to photovoltaic industry, the area is also actively promote the special spectrum of wind energy, the United States En superconducting wind industry chain represented by the formation of the future high-tech zones will also become the largest wind turbine manufacturing bases.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月13日星期六
Car power inverter Product Maintenance Points
Car power inverter Product Maintenance Points
Currently on the market sales of the largest and most popular car inverter output power of 70W-150W, Inverter circuit mainly uses TL494 or KA7500 chip-based pulse-width modulation circuit. Car inverter circuit as a whole can be largely divided into two parts, each part of the adoption of a TL494 or KA7500 chips control circuit, which is the role of the first part of the circuit such as the vehicle battery provides 12V DC, through the high-frequency PWM (pulse-width modulation) switching power supply technology to convert 30kHz-50kHz, 220V AC or so; the role of the second part of the circuit is to use the bridge rectifier, filter, pulse-width modulation and switching power output and other technology, 30kHz ~ 50kHz, 220V converted into alternating current of about 50Hz, 220V AC.
Car Maintenance elements of inverter products
As the car power inverter circuits generally have a power soft-start function, so switched on to wait for 5s-30s will be after the 220V AC output, while LED lights lit. When the LED indicator does not light, then the inverter circuit that did not work.
When switched on 30s and above, LED indicator light has not lit, then the need to measure the output jack at the exchange of XAC voltage value, if the voltage of 220V or so normal, then only part of the circuit LED indicator light appeared fault; if XAC by measuring the output jack of the AC voltage at a value of 0, then cause of the malfunction of inverter circuit before the class did not work, probably chip IC1's internal protection circuitry has been launched.
The internal protection circuit chip IC1 determine whether to activate the approach is: Use a multimeter measuring DC voltage blocking chip IC1's 3 feet on the ground DC voltage value, if the voltage is above 1V is illustrated in the internal protection circuit chip has been launched, otherwise the interruption action due to the reasons for non-protection circuits.
If the chip IC1 to ground voltage of 3 feet or more values in the 1V, indicating that the internal protection circuit chip has been activated, the need for further DC voltage with the multimeter test chip IC1 block of 15,16 feet between the DC voltage, and chip IC1's DC voltage between 1,2 feet. Under normal circumstances, Figure 1 circuit chips IC1, 15 feet on the ground DC voltage should be higher than 16 feet on the ground DC voltage, two feet on the ground of the DC voltage should be higher than one foot on the ground DC voltage, only when the two conditions are met, the chip IC1's 3 feet on the ground as a normal DC voltage to 0V about inverter circuit to work properly. If it is found in a test voltage does not meet the above-mentioned relationship, just press the corresponding slip road to find cause of the malfunction, you can solve the problem inverter.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Currently on the market sales of the largest and most popular car inverter output power of 70W-150W, Inverter circuit mainly uses TL494 or KA7500 chip-based pulse-width modulation circuit. Car inverter circuit as a whole can be largely divided into two parts, each part of the adoption of a TL494 or KA7500 chips control circuit, which is the role of the first part of the circuit such as the vehicle battery provides 12V DC, through the high-frequency PWM (pulse-width modulation) switching power supply technology to convert 30kHz-50kHz, 220V AC or so; the role of the second part of the circuit is to use the bridge rectifier, filter, pulse-width modulation and switching power output and other technology, 30kHz ~ 50kHz, 220V converted into alternating current of about 50Hz, 220V AC.
Car Maintenance elements of inverter products
As the car power inverter circuits generally have a power soft-start function, so switched on to wait for 5s-30s will be after the 220V AC output, while LED lights lit. When the LED indicator does not light, then the inverter circuit that did not work.
When switched on 30s and above, LED indicator light has not lit, then the need to measure the output jack at the exchange of XAC voltage value, if the voltage of 220V or so normal, then only part of the circuit LED indicator light appeared fault; if XAC by measuring the output jack of the AC voltage at a value of 0, then cause of the malfunction of inverter circuit before the class did not work, probably chip IC1's internal protection circuitry has been launched.
The internal protection circuit chip IC1 determine whether to activate the approach is: Use a multimeter measuring DC voltage blocking chip IC1's 3 feet on the ground DC voltage value, if the voltage is above 1V is illustrated in the internal protection circuit chip has been launched, otherwise the interruption action due to the reasons for non-protection circuits.
If the chip IC1 to ground voltage of 3 feet or more values in the 1V, indicating that the internal protection circuit chip has been activated, the need for further DC voltage with the multimeter test chip IC1 block of 15,16 feet between the DC voltage, and chip IC1's DC voltage between 1,2 feet. Under normal circumstances, Figure 1 circuit chips IC1, 15 feet on the ground DC voltage should be higher than 16 feet on the ground DC voltage, two feet on the ground of the DC voltage should be higher than one foot on the ground DC voltage, only when the two conditions are met, the chip IC1's 3 feet on the ground as a normal DC voltage to 0V about inverter circuit to work properly. If it is found in a test voltage does not meet the above-mentioned relationship, just press the corresponding slip road to find cause of the malfunction, you can solve the problem inverter.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
Amazon sale Xbox360 Wireless 802.11g / n adapter
Amazon sale Xbox360 Wireless 802.11g / n adapter
If you want to use your Xbox360 wireless network, then the Amazon now delivers the goods would sit your appetite. You can buy from the top of the Xbox360 supports 802.11g, or 802.11n wireless network adapter, the price was 79.99 U.S. dollars respectively, and 99.99 U.S. dollars, members can enjoy the benefits, membership price of 67.99 U.S. dollars and 83.49 U.S. dollars.
Who want to watch movies or use of smooth high-definition Netflix users who recommended the use of N standard adapter. Of course, if you do not support the N standard router, then the use of more expensive models is enough to use.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
If you want to use your Xbox360 wireless network, then the Amazon now delivers the goods would sit your appetite. You can buy from the top of the Xbox360 supports 802.11g, or 802.11n wireless network adapter, the price was 79.99 U.S. dollars respectively, and 99.99 U.S. dollars, members can enjoy the benefits, membership price of 67.99 U.S. dollars and 83.49 U.S. dollars.
Who want to watch movies or use of smooth high-definition Netflix users who recommended the use of N standard adapter. Of course, if you do not support the N standard router, then the use of more expensive models is enough to use.
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
2010年3月11日星期四
UPS power supply How it works:
UPS power supply How it works:
1. AC-DC conversion: The power of alternating current through the autotransformer to buck, full-wave rectifier, filtered into a DC voltage supply power inverter circuit. AC-DC input with soft-start circuit can avoid the boot of the grid impact.
2. DC-AC power inverter circuit: Using high-power IGBT module full-bridge inverter circuit, has great power surplus capacity in the output dynamic range output impedance are very small, with fast response characteristics. As a result of limiting high-frequency modulation techniques, and rapid short-circuit protection technology, so that both the supply voltage inverter or the load transient shocks or short circuit, can be safe and reliable work.
3. Control-driven: Control-driven machine function controlled by the completion of the core, it addition to providing detection, protection, synchronization, and various switches and display drive signals, but also the completion of SPWM sine pulse width modulation control, due to static and dynamic double voltage feedback. Greatly improves the dynamic characteristics of the inverter and stability.
ups using a 12V battery, and it has 2V's. Can use the same voltage battery instead of the market (preferably buy a maintenance-free batteries), but pay attention to the size, can be put to because as of course, is also connected to the outside line, but not pretty!
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
1. AC-DC conversion: The power of alternating current through the autotransformer to buck, full-wave rectifier, filtered into a DC voltage supply power inverter circuit. AC-DC input with soft-start circuit can avoid the boot of the grid impact.
2. DC-AC power inverter circuit: Using high-power IGBT module full-bridge inverter circuit, has great power surplus capacity in the output dynamic range output impedance are very small, with fast response characteristics. As a result of limiting high-frequency modulation techniques, and rapid short-circuit protection technology, so that both the supply voltage inverter or the load transient shocks or short circuit, can be safe and reliable work.
3. Control-driven: Control-driven machine function controlled by the completion of the core, it addition to providing detection, protection, synchronization, and various switches and display drive signals, but also the completion of SPWM sine pulse width modulation control, due to static and dynamic double voltage feedback. Greatly improves the dynamic characteristics of the inverter and stability.
ups using a 12V battery, and it has 2V's. Can use the same voltage battery instead of the market (preferably buy a maintenance-free batteries), but pay attention to the size, can be put to because as of course, is also connected to the outside line, but not pretty!
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
New office building project installed PV Powered Solar Power Inverter
New office building project installed PV Powered Solar Power Inverter
USA Premier Power Renewable Energy in the United States Lakewood City (Lakewood) new office building projects to install PV Powered's commercial inverters. The entire project design, planning and installation chosen by Premier Power has completed, and the use of the U.S. supply of Solyndra's cylindrical high-density thin-film solar panels.
The installation includes PV Powered commercial companies produce go 75kW and 100kW photovoltaic power inverters combination of business and uses Fat Spaniel performance monitoring technology. The system is estimated to be three different building to the lessee of the supply of more than 345,000 kWh of electricity, the tenant needs and project development and investment Group signed power purchase agreement (PPA) in order to develop to this funding.
Premier Power CEO Dean Marks said, "We chose PV Powered commercial inverters because of their unique design and the latest technology combined with thin-film solar panel after the reliable operation. It is vital that our systems, high efficiency, long life, so have the ability to maximize energy capture.
PV Powered, Vice-class marketing and sales executives, Eric • Peterson said, "in its class PV Powered commercial inverters widest range of DC voltage, thus allowing system designers can be more flexible. In the high-power crystal silicon thin film arrays and the application of high-voltage modules, PV Powered commercial inverters is also a leading technology solutions. "
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
USA Premier Power Renewable Energy in the United States Lakewood City (Lakewood) new office building projects to install PV Powered's commercial inverters. The entire project design, planning and installation chosen by Premier Power has completed, and the use of the U.S. supply of Solyndra's cylindrical high-density thin-film solar panels.
The installation includes PV Powered commercial companies produce go 75kW and 100kW photovoltaic power inverters combination of business and uses Fat Spaniel performance monitoring technology. The system is estimated to be three different building to the lessee of the supply of more than 345,000 kWh of electricity, the tenant needs and project development and investment Group signed power purchase agreement (PPA) in order to develop to this funding.
Premier Power CEO Dean Marks said, "We chose PV Powered commercial inverters because of their unique design and the latest technology combined with thin-film solar panel after the reliable operation. It is vital that our systems, high efficiency, long life, so have the ability to maximize energy capture.
PV Powered, Vice-class marketing and sales executives, Eric • Peterson said, "in its class PV Powered commercial inverters widest range of DC voltage, thus allowing system designers can be more flexible. In the high-power crystal silicon thin film arrays and the application of high-voltage modules, PV Powered commercial inverters is also a leading technology solutions. "
To learn more about power inverter, please visite http://www.szpowerinverter.com/ and http://www.bestekltd.com/, or mail to sale38@0102.cn.
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