The proposal of promoting solar energy development scientificly

The proposal of promoting solar energy development scientificly
Question:

Global warming, Copenhagen, low-carbon economy, green Beijing Action Plan and a series of hot topics, so as a new energy (renewable energy) of solar energy development and utilization of more and more attention. Response to global climate change, our Government's commitment to new energy sources by 2020 (non-fossil energy) the proportion of total primary energy consumption up to 15%. Beijing Municipal Government issued the "Beijing speed up the development and utilization of solar energy, the development of guidance for industry" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions"), six "Golden Sun" project in January 1, 2010 start.



Bright solar thermal conversion, photovoltaic conversion are two ways to be a clear understanding of science to their production, use, there are still the following problems:



1, the production process of high energy consumption: from industrial grade silicon to solar cell production process consumes 2.2 million watts / MW, is twice or more foreign countries. Glass vacuum tube solar collectors, only the drawn glass is energy-intensive process.



2, high pollution: polysilicon in the manufacturing process of silicon tetrachloride produced is a highly toxic pollutants, photovoltaic power generation system battery life of 5 years, handled properly will have a large number of waste batteries, the formation of new pollution sources.



3, the lack of capacity for independent innovation: key technologies and photovoltaic devices rely on the import of foreign, photovoltaic power generation system, controller, power inverter, battery and so there is a gap.



4, insufficient domestic demand, excess capacity: in 2008, polysilicon production capacity 20,000 tons, output of 4,000 tons, 80,000 tons under construction, hundreds of companies, investment 100 billion, more than the domestic market capacity in recent times. 2008 production of 2000 megawatts of photovoltaic cells, first in the world, representing the world's 1 / 3, but 90% to 98% for export, the actual formation of the large volumes of scarce energy resources.



5, the lower the market share of solar water heaters in Beijing: Beijing accounts for less than 2% market share, far below the Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Shandong, Yunnan and Hebei provinces. The reasons are: 1) Beijing conventional lower energy prices, energy supply is sufficient; 2) Beijing-based urban high-rise buildings, building density, impact of solar energy installation inconvenience; 3) the promotion of policy lag, many communities prohibit solar installation.



6, Beijing enterprises are less competitive industries: Beijing as the higher production costs, and Zhejiang and other southern enterprises, the industry less competitive, slower growth rate in recent years. Production costs due to Beijing Gao land prices, high labor costs, 企业 standardized operation, taxation heavier, in addition to the local market due to the slow, large enterprises Zhuyaoshichang Zai other provinces, Xiao Shou higher cost.



Analysis:



1, scientific understanding, use of green, the production must be green. Solar energy as renewable energy, its use is green, but the current production of high energy consumption, high pollution must attach great importance to increase research efforts to achieve green production. 2, the new highlight solar energy. Beijing has rich solar energy resources, solar resources in the region of the country in the world in the area between two categories, the annual sunshine hours to 2600-3000 hours, the cumulative amount of solar radiation to 5000-6000 MJ / m, with use of solar energy is extremely favorable natural conditions, and lack of wind resources, only some parts of Yanqing Guanting other relatively well and should therefore focus on increasing the proportion of solar energy utilization.



3, Beijing, research institutions and enterprises have strong technical strength. Beijing has many strong research and development capabilities of scientific research units and institutions of higher learning, such as: Beijing Solar Energy Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing Polytechnic University, focused on a number of fields in the solar technology professionals with extensive experience, over the years use of solar energy and solar have made a large number of scientific and technological achievements, some of which scientific and technological achievements have reached the international advanced level, the core areas of domestic solar energy technology and advanced technology have come from basic research institutions in Beijing and related businesses. In the current solar thermal power, solar industrial applications, solar heating and other fields, enterprises have core technology, the leading domestic level.



4, development of the domestic market. Only increase the promotion of the use of green solar energy can be truly effective, our water heater products in 2007 accounted for 80% of the world, in mid-2008 production increased 31 million square meters, up 32.5%, with annual sales of 40 billion yuan, only Haier 1 / 3 volume of 125 million square meters of total reserves. Beijing has a large solar water heater industry, business size, annual output accounting for 4% of total production, higher than the production of large, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hebei, Guangdong, Yunnan and other areas, such as Beijing Samp have, Tsinghua sunshine, days General and other national leading enterprises, in technical strength, product quality, customer goodwill among the forefront of the industry.



Recommendation:



1, mainly solar thermal, photovoltaic supplement. In view of solar thermal technology is relatively mature, and with the people's living standards improve, Metro construction of new countryside construction and housing improvement in the proportion of water in the energy consumption increased, so Beijing's use of solar thermal utilization should be based, photovoltaic use supplement.



2, increase scientific and technological research, increase efficiency, reduce costs, green production, system development, and enhance competitiveness. Advantages of capital, talent and give full play to support the national engineering technology centers, research institutions, the establishment of high-level components of solar material, product testing laboratory, establishment of shared research platform to conduct generic technology research. Promote a combination of research, to encourage technological development, promoting technological progress around the key technologies used solar energy, green manufacturing processes, systems integration technology to increase science and technology research, improve efficiency, reduce costs and realize the industrialization of key technologies Beijing enterprises, high-end manufacturing, making Beijing a solar energy technology, standards, R & D center.



3, strengthen the norms, to ensure safe use. In the solar energy utilization, solar energy facilities and construction of Jie He often promote the use of a restricted part, should strengthen the building Li Yong Tai Yangneng research, proposed research and the construction Sheji sector should enhance cooperative, its inclusion architectural design specifications, to ensure that the legal construction using solar energy , security, application and beautiful. Part in the planning and approval phase, the realization of the conditions of solar synchronous designs, synchronous installation, promote the application of the scale. 4, development of farmer subsidy policies, market regulation of production. In the "views" on the new limit of two rooms, common commercial, industrial enterprises in public buildings and installation of solar water heating systems, and provides that "subsidies for single item scale of collector area to more than 100 square meters", while a large number of The average household water heater 2 square meters. Recommendations from the Waste Management perspective, learn the practice of home appliances to the countryside and other experience, study and formulate subsidy policy to encourage the direct use of solar water heaters, also set up access to limit the three small plants without disrupting the market at low prices. Through the user's choice, market mechanisms, promotion of enterprises to adjust production integration, technology upgrade, lower costs, survival of the fittest, to ensure long-term benefits of solar customers and market healthy development.



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